How A Bill Becomes A law Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

How A Bill Becomes A law - Term Paper ExampleThis education can be used to better the nation, local community, career, and life as it moves forward. All Roads calculate to Congress is a case study of the proposal and passage of H.R. 3 Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient, Transportation Equity title (SAFETEA - LU) from the 109th Congress 2005 - 2006. This case study is presented from two different authors perspectives. One author is a political scientist, Costas Panagopoulos, and the early(a) is an urban planner, Joshua Schank, who has been involved in transportation his entire career. Schank was Senator Hillary Clintons transportation fellow being brought in from Columbia University specifically to help work on this bill specifically. The book is organized by chapters heavy the reader simply, How a bill becomes law bill introduction and markup floor fight conference covering fire to the drawing board passage and politics and the aftermath. In Chapter one, The four Ps are dis cussed including power, process, policy, pots of bills (price). Members of congress are most concerned about getting re-elected and use position taking, credit claiming, and advert to get ahead. The suggestion is made that politicians worry more and do more about advertising their pork set barrel projects than they do about passing solid pieces of legislation. Since their primary concern from day one in office is with getting re-elected, every move they make centers on that issue, the entire time they are in office. Public opinion of Congress as a whole is typically low, scarcely constituent benediction of some individual members of Congress is high. Transportation is a popular place to include pork barrel projects. There is a lot of detail provided in each chapter about what happens behind the scenes in the congressional process, regarding deadlines, extensions of deadlines, constituent meeting, surrogate meeting, stall tactics, additional conversations, and so on, all in an hunting expedition to get a working piece of legislation that a bi-partisan group will be well-heeled passing (p. 31). This bill was introduced in the house May 14, 2003 and was signed into law August 10, 2005 by chairwoman Bush. The final act was passed before the bridge collapse in Minnnesota on August 1, 2007, on I-35W at the height of rush hour. The bridge, as well as fifty vehicles, fell into the Mississippi River. Five battalion were killed. The investigation showed that popular, new roads and projects were funded, while the mundane, routine and maintenance projects were neglected. This was not the direct cause of the accident, but transportation has been bankrolling many other projects than the maintenance and safety of the existing road behaviors for years. The path taken by the passage funding bill followed the schematic in Figure 1.1 on page 6 of Panagopoulos and Schank. The bill is muster and proposed to both the House and the Senate. The Senate and House have commit tees that the bill goes to. In the committees the bill is marked up and inform out back to the Senate or the House with recommended changes. The bill then goes to the House rules committee. The bill post revisions makes its way back to the Senate and House floor for discussion, which if proceeding forward, follows with conference meetings to reconcile the differences between the Senate and the House. The

Ultural concerns and influences Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Ultural concerns and influences - Research Paper ExampleBut, it is observed that the gardening which is in maximum give with American society is the African culture. The ethnicity of US society is a collection of different ethnic theme due to migration issue. America is like a boiling pot which mixes the diverse ethnicity and race within the society. other important feature of the American culture is its plurality and unity. So, American culture can be termed as a new way of living due to collection of different value system, historical background, geography, norms and in-migration issues (Constructive Elements of American Culture, n.d.). Owing to these reasons for understanding this culture and society requires studying of human process and about the culture of the immigrants. This influx of immigrants to US is posing as a major challenge for CJS or criminal jurist system. It is also evident that little attention about the criminal arbiter system had been paid by the social sci ence researcher on the issue of immigrants. Recently conducted researches also revealed cultural diversity is whiz of the major concerns of the criminal referee professionals. ... It may be the climate, geography, community size, and its economic position - agrarian, service and industry. This bionomical factor lays a major impact on the culture and history of the community. In small communities, which is establish on agrarian occupation an immediate link between the community members and the criminal justice authorized is present due to their social affiliation. In this kind of scenario most of the problems are resolved informally rather than followe formal procedures. On the other hand, the industrial ecology brings in immigrants with different set of determine which contradicts with the local inhabitants. This complex situation creates a heterogeneous environment for criminal justice system. Large communities of urban industrial origin also create much more complexity for t he criminal justice professionals. It is owing to the fact values and demands of community members differ and that is why the service expected by them from criminal justice system varies greatly. These results in incorporation of bureaucracy within the system in a large intent and the officials may not be easily available also for personally meeting the community members. geographical condition also creates social problems, for example in Las Vegas many drifters, criminals and tourists come in search of excitement. On the other hand illegal immigration problems persist in Texas, California and border of Mexico. This helps to understand the singularity of the problem faced by the criminal justice system. Political condition also affects the criminal justice system. As for example, the NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People) is an organized

The small entrepreneurial firms and the larger firms and their Essay

The small entrepreneurial firms and the larger firms and their characteristics - Essay ExampleThe examine discusses that product or service foundation garment has become an integral part of almost every military control these days. Most of the firms implement several strategies to improve their product range through renovation of the existing products and work to satisfy the customers. Fundamentally, product innovation or service innovation refers to the process of introducing certain new goods or products and go or the process of modifying the existing products or services to retain the present consumers or to move certain new customers. Entrepreneurial firms are the firms which are being established by an individual or more than one individual. The owners of the entrepreneurial firm are comparatively more elastic to take strategies and grass decisions regarding specific matters than the larger firms. The owners of the entrepreneurial firms are known as the entrepreneurs. Th ese entrepreneurs are free to choose their descent process and financial statistics. These entrepreneurs are accountable for the profit and loss of their business. An entrepreneurial firm can be a family joint venture or non family venture, where the partners are equally responsible for the profit and the loss of the partnership and all the partners have the equal rights to take part in any kind of decision reservation process. The larger firms have more exposure than the small firms with the greater amount of with child(p), large number of manpower, ameliorate technology and definitely huge brand recognition in wider range among others. The large firms are every the advanced form of the small firms or these are the firms which have been established with higher amount of capital or finance in hand. These firms involve large number of investors and shareholders, who have the right to take decisions in the business matters (Kerzner, 2009). The major objective of the study is to h ighlight the small entrepreneurial firms and the larger firms and their characteristics. The paper would in addition include the advantages and disadvantages faced by a small entrepreneurial firm while making innovation in terms of their products and services over the larger firms. There would be a summative induction for the overall discussion. Advantages and Disadvantages of Small Entrepreneurial Firms in Innovation of Products and Services Entrepreneurial firms are the sources of opportunities where an individual or more than one individual can explore the facilities available, according to their own determined ways. Entrepreneurial firms stool the owner the independence to think, to plan and to execute the plans according to the requirement. The small entrepreneurial firms are more flexible to make decisions and to choose various strategies regarding the need of the business. The entrepreneurial firms do not involve too galore(postnominal) investors or shareholders, and they include a simple managerial structure with less possibility of hierarchy body (Hughes, n.d.). In the present scenario, most of the firms and companies are focusing on innovation of their products and services. Innovation provides the firms with the opportunity of exploring their say-so and the scope of retention of the customers. The small entrepreneurial firms are more probable to make innovation of products and services as they involve a simple managerial structure and the decision making process

Plastic materials Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Plastic materials - Essay ExampleBy employ Autodesk Moldflow Insight parcel, the user is able to add packing filling and phases of the injection puzzle outing process. This allows for a great ability to forecast the melted plastic flow model at a higher manufacturing caliber than usual. This ability will also allow engineers to help enhance gate locations, bodys of balance runner, process assessment, and spark defect correction with more preciseness. Mould manufacturers greatly benefit from the ability of the software to simulate make of non-uniform mould temperatures, better assess adjusted valve-gate timing categorizations and the hot versus cold runner flow system associations. All of these can be achieved along with the spread simulation competencies of selective models. These can now go beyond ordinary thermoplastic injection moulding to state moulding procedures. Procedures which require gas assisted co-injection, and injection compression. Another advantage of using Au todesk Moldflow Insight software is that it offers a constant monitoring of inventors, mould makers, and engineers whose work in a simulation set up and consequences allow the program to better visualize the required performance of the moulded plastic material. The program comes to better understand and depict the alterations to geometry, material, mould designs, wall width, and quite a little that affect plastic manufacturability. This means that what-if situations in design problems. are most likely real problems that the software already knows how to handle when it comes to design confirmation.

Financial Leverage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Financial Leverage - examine ExampleHigher expected delivers are associated with the firms that are having high fiscal supplement ratios when the economy of a country is normal. Whereas, when the economy of a country is in recession so firms having high financial leverage ratios will face risk of loss. On the other hand, firms having low financial leverage ratios are vatical to be less risky but higher expected returns are not associated with these firms. IMPORTANCE OR AIM OF THE STUDYThe importance or aim of this study is to show that analysts use financial leverage ratios to accomplish two thingsFirst, they are a measure of the extent to which firms finance their assets through debt.Second, they are the indicators of the financial risk of the firm. Analysis of a firms financial leverage ratios is essential to evaluate its long risk and return prospects. Leverage as a debt-financing indicator is important because whenever a firms rate of return on assets is in access of pursua nce rate, the profits to equity investors are amplify in direct proportions to increases in leverage. The reverse also holds true-whenever the rate of return falls below the interest rate, the profits to investors decline with increases in leverage. In fact, if the firm is sufficiently levered, interest expenses may be so high that under adverse economic conditions the firm may not be capable of compensable them-that is, financial risk is directly proportional to leverage. In conclusion it can be said that digest of a firms financial leverage ratios is essential to evaluate its long-term risk and return prospects. Leveraged firms accrue excess returns to their shareholders so long as the rate of return on the investments financed by debt is great than the cost of debt.

American Independence Forced Founders Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

American Independence Forced Founders - Essay lessonFrom this discussion it is clear that in that respect is a relationship between business and politics. In tack to endure businesswise, there is a tendency by the involved party to play politics in order to have a bigger share of the market. For instance, when Jefferson applied for western grants, the Cherokee Indians compete some politics by negotiating a treaty with the British government in order to retain every acre that Jefferson claimed.This paper discusses thatthe intemperate Labor treaty that aimed at despairing Virginia stain owners was politically counteracted by some powerful planters such as Patrick hydrogen who bought 3,334 acres of land on the Holston and Clinch Rivers from his father-in-law. Although the move was seen as an entrepreneurial one, Henrys designing was to distort the cutoff of the land with innovations of shifting the boundaries beyond his land.Slightly after independence, there were disputes bet ween squatters and influential persons such as Washington, who blamed the squatters for invading the land in the forbidden one.In this regard, it is apparent that Virginias chose independence not primarily because of economic gains but rather because of political gains. This is wherefore such influential persons did not allow squatters to own land.Their intentions were to have vast lands that would allow them control the landless. If the intention of independence was for economic gains, then the land ought to have been distributed equally to everyone in order for everyone to benefit equally.... If the intention of independence was for economic gains, then the land ought to have been distributed equally to everyone in order for everyone to benefit equally. Eventually, the farmers who colonized in most parts of the land were evicted by someone who secured title after the repeal of the annunciation of 1763. In fact, farmers were firmly opposed to the 1963 declaration, since it preven ted them from securing clear title (Holton, 1999). In light of this, it is clear that politics played a key role in such ordeals. This is arguably true because after independence, it took long onward repealing the 1793 proclamation that prevented farmers in securing titles. The repeal caught the farmers unaware where only a few wealthy persons secured titles thus going away many farmers landless. This is the game of politics as influential persons apply double standards such as retaining the 1763 proclamation to bar people from obtaining titles only to repeal it when a few people have already acquired titles. In one occasion, when John Murray became the governor, he began rewarding veterans with land. Basically, issue of bounty patents is a clear indication that the choosing of Virginias independence was not primarily for economic purposes. Issuing of grants to veterans would have influential support for politicians. Although the veterans would utilize the land in an economic way, the motive behind issuing of the land in politically instigated. In fact, issuing land to veterans would act as a gift and is taken as an asset instead of a means of production. Therefore, very little farming would take place. In another dimension, many influential persons in Virginia pushed for Virginias independence to evade paying mounting depts. According

Benefits of Plea Bargaining Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Benefits of excuse Bargaining - Essay warningPlea talk terms is the procedure through which a person accused for an offense concurs to appeal for universe culpable to a slighter crime in switch over for a gentle punishment, a lessen of accuses, or except advantages. For years judges, prosecutors, and lawyers have acknowledged plea bargaining for speediness of the execution of the packed courts. Plea bargaining is being gradually more disparaged, though, it does not press the trial to confirm the suspects fault further than a logical uncertainty, refutes the charged one a adjudicators tribunal, and permits various defendants to descend very imperceptibly. (Fisher, 2004)The plea bargaining practice is quite well institutionalized in the judicial system of USA. It seems to function proficiently and speedily. However, on that point is always a question whether this current day practice is capable of defending the legitimate obliging liberties and to attain ultimate fairness and i mpartiality consistent with the USA perception correct procedure express by criminal justice judicial system or whether it has simply turned into a sciolistic and ineffective process a self governing status. (Fisher, 2007)1. Benefits of Plea Bargaining1. As stated by Jones (1978) flexibility is being provided through plea bargaining which is necessary for changing for turning out of the essence(p) fairness. However, in spite of or because of its predominance, plea bargaining still stay a notorious object lesson in the world of crime and punishment. The concern that blameless defendant may appeal accountable stimulates a great deal impassioned argument about the topic.2. An agreement made surrounded by the charged individual and the prosecutor whereby the defendant may appeal guilty to switch over to either a slighter punishment or an shorten accuse, is usually referred as Plea Bargaining. (Alschuler, 1979) He further states that the agreement of plea bargaining takes place be tween the offender and the prosecutor to enable the defendant to avail reduced sentence and presently in US criminal act convictions almost 95% are resolved through much(prenominal) plea bargaining.Characteristically, such agreements can be divided into three types Verdict bargaining Count bargainingCharge bargaining. 3. When there is no certainty of the ultimate judgment of a hearing, the defendant may take a gain ground of plea of guilty by copping a plea, as an alternative of attending the trial. This will lessen the equivocalness of the hearing. Thus, in this case the plea bargain seems to provide a liberty of selection to the charged individual.4. As viewed from the perception of the state, plea bargaining is beneficial in terms of economizing both time and resources while obtaining a guilty conviction. The fact is recognized by all legal experts that each and every filed case is not meant for a trial otherwise the entire judicial system may disintegrate if so many a(prenom inal) trials are executed. (Amoury, 2002)5. The plea bargaining seems to be more impartial for both the witnesses and potential judges. It is imaginable that

Spirituality and Holistic care Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Spirituality and Holistic care - prove Exampleold among the Australian adults is low (Dick, 2003), it remains a fact that there is a high probability that individuals who suffer from at least one type of chronic illness may decease up becoming come a weakenially or totally dependent on other people when do their own activities of daily living (ADL) such as walking, bathing, dressing, and feeding.The family structures In Australia has significantly changed over the past twenty dollar bill years. As reported by the Australian Bureau of Statistics (2007), it has been very evident that the number of divorce rate had increased whereas the marriage rates had decreased. Considering the high number of divorce, separation, and never been married cases, the number of elderly including the physically and mentally disabled individuals who continuously seek for a long-term care and treatment from the professional nurses has significantly increased over time.Managing chronic illnesses can be very time-consuming and inconvenient on the part of the patients family members. (Sawyer et al., 2003) For this reason, spirituality has considered as a principle of praxis when rendering holistic care to the patients (Dyson, Cobb, & Forman, 2007). As part of the study, the student nurse will first discuss about the essential nature of spirituality as a core component of holistic care. Aiming to prove that the student nurse has gained a better discretion with regards to the role of nurses in supporting individuals spiritually when taking care of patients who are chronically ill, disabled, and/or demise several real-life clinical examples wherein nurses should care for the patient will be provided in the study.Caring for the sick individuals is not limited to the administering of medications, symptom management, and personal care. When providing holistic care to the patients, it is essential for nurses to know that their health care practice should be delivered not only to the pa tient but also the patients family members. This

Managing for results Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Managing for results - taste ExampleThe present day bowls believe in acting as a need seed leader for the employees they not just assist the subordinates to perform their task but alike help them to hit ahead in the cargoner. Therefore, the managers must keep themselves updated with the activities taking place within the organisation. Apart from the internal factors, they withal have to understand the external environment that is the economic condition, the government policies in the local as fountainhead as in other nations, changes taking place in customers behaviour and technology. The festering competition in the business sector demands high degree of efficiency from the managers thus the company in like manner motivates the mangers to update themselves by participating in different trainings sessions (seminars, conferences and off-job training). In the given project at branch role of the manager in the prevailing globalised world volition be discussed. Later on, diffe rent approaches will be discussed that needs to be followed by the managers in achieving the organisational goal. Some real life examples will also be drawn to further explain different approaches followed by the managers in their organisations. ... Figure The Managerial gridiron by Blake & Mouton Source Egner, 2009, p.10 According to Blake & Mouton, the managers attitude sess be mensural on basis of two distinct factors. These are concern for people and concern for production. Generally, the functional mangers (floor managers) are more come to about the production whereas the top level managers who have to manage group of passing efficient and self sufficient subordinates are more concerned about the people. The managers who are neither concerned about the people nor about the productions are considered as the inefficient one. Similarly, the one who is high in some(prenominal) the factors is the most effective one. Such a manager maintain close association with the subordinat es and assist them to acquire themselves (Miller, 2008, p.46-47). The attitude followed by the manager is influences by several factors. These can be summarised as the organisational culture, the leadership dah of the top management, the nature of the subordinates, the social norms of the society were the organisation is operating and finally the personality of the manager. Therefore, all these factors should be taken into consideration by the manager to modify his or her attitude so that organisational goal can be achieved. Role of a manager in the organisation In general, the role of a manger comprises of planning, organising, scheduling, and assisting the employees to accompany their task and evaluating the operations (Roth salubrious, 2001, p.7). All of these functions are quite essential and managers have to be measured while conducting them. The process of management starts with planning. At first the manager has to analyse the external as well as internal environment and t hen a plan should be developed that will guide the subordinates in

Gender and Consumption Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Gender and Consumption - Essay Example346). This is what drove grammatical gender consumption in the modern era- custody were men, and women were women. A mans identity used to be dependent upon his role as a provider and his place of employment this has been the traditional way that has defined the essence of the male identity in the modern society. This is known as the egemonic gender identity(Vigorito & Curry, 1998, p. 137).Moreover, male consumption patterns were non just influenced by the hegemonic gender identity, but, in the post-Civil War era, were influenced by the Puritans (Bocock, 2000, p. 6). The Puritans had an ethic of asceticism, with not too much money spent upon men and boys, and the housing was sparse and not elaborate. The Puritan ethic dictated that British men during this period not spend money on jewelry, fine clothing and eating and drinking well, and these patterns were not economically operate (Bocock, 2000, p. 8). This morphed into contemporary society, i n which, it is argued, Henry get over is responsible for the increase in consumption, for he pioneered the idea that workers should be paid well, which led to more disposable income and, thus, more consumption (Gabriel & Yang, 1995, p. 9). In advanced capitalist societies, Ford made consumption more egalitarian, and less the province of the rich (Gabriel & Yang, 1995, p. 10).Moreover, modern consumption is also operate by the choices that were being offered in modern society, choices that were not offered in earlier societies, before mass ware of goods became the norm (Gabriel & Yang, 1995, p. 11). This is illustrated by the British consumption of food as a percentage of their expenditures in the previous(predicate) 20th century, British families spent between one half and two thirds of their income on food by the middle of the twentieth century, this number was only one third (Gabriel & Yang, 1995, p. 12). This mass production had a view effect as well, one that would influenc e the post-modern

What exactly are the consequences of performance appraisal in Essay

What exactly ar the consequences of motion appraisal in organisations and how does it contribute to organisational or individual performance - Essay ExampleAdditionally, the process provides the forethought with information that helps them to identify employee potential differences.The organization can desire to affect the employee attitude by the results obtained by the employee by the evaluation cycle. The evaluation cycle provide the employee with clear performance SMART goals. The performance SMART goals are Specific, Measurable, Actionable, Realistic and Time-bound that the employee should work towards achieving. If the employee is performing well, the organization can reward such an employee by job advance or increase in salary pay. If an employee performance is poor, the organization can choose to train the employee so that the employee can improve in performance (Kerwick 2013). after(prenominal) goal setting in performance appraisal, the supervisor and employee hold a self-appraisal meeting to discuss the employees performance so that they can identify potential goals for the upcoming appraisal period (Michelle, Douglas & John 2010). Based on the management, the employees perform their job and the supervisor should a keep note of the employees accomplishments and challenges. When a performance appraisal is carried out, a supervisor needs to parade the employee how their performance affects the productivity of the organization. The employees should also understand how their performance affects the ability of others employees to do their jobs, and it helps put his job duties into an boilers suit company context. This helps improve the notion of teamwork among the staff and can also encourage the cooperation to achieve corporate goals.After employee evaluation, employees with high scores become motivated and are likely to perform well and increase organisational productivity (Michelle et al 2010).An employee with a positive feedback makes himself feel like a worthy contributor in the organization hence encouraging them to perform better in the future. This

Cloud Computing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Cloud Computing - establish ExampleAlthough this engineering science has galore(postnominal) advantages to a global society, it has a number of risks that make it disadvantageous in its application. The development of the mist over computing technology spans a long historical period that has seen it the common phraseology today in the in in figureation technology today. In the 1950s the mainframe computer technology had many drawbacks that necessitated the need of sharing resources within computer ne cardinalrks in public institutions. During this time, the mainframe computers were slow and pricey and it was virtually im realizable to provide each person with a mainframe computer. Consequently, the need for sharing information arose in public institutions where the number of computers were much less than the number of clients. To achieve this, the static terminals, which were used for communicating but had no processors, were invented to ensure that the CPU clock speed and the resources within the mainframe memory could be shared among various clients. Between the year 1960 and 1990, cloud computing became more common as scientists suggested that it was possible to connect the whole world through the use a few data centers and numb terminals fit(p) from all over the world (Furht, and Armando 10). At this stage, this technology was foreseen as an invention that would globalize the world and connect all human beings within a cohesive network. The period in the midst of 1990 and 2000 has been a period of fast transition of cloud computing technology. Telecommunication service providers adopted the virtual private network (VPN) in which their clients could access networks remotely. Also, this was the time when the cloud computing symbol was used by service providers to mark a separation between the core network and the client military position of the network. After the proliferation of the internet technology, the internet form common network where inform ation could be shared and distributed within virtual computer systems. In 2000, companies much(prenominal) as the Amazon modernized their data centers and provided high capacity networks where information could be accessed by many clients in their online presence. Today, this technology has been adopted within the business systems to synchronize global business operations and form high capacity networks that can provide data to all clients in the world (Furht, and Armando 15). Cloud distributors obligate become popular as they adopt hardware Virtualization and utility computing that have become the drivers of the cloud computing technology. The cloud computing architecture is divided into two ends that separate the storage and the access sides. Strickland (2) regards the two sides of the cloud computing architecture as the front end and the back end. The front end side is constituted by the clients computer network and the associated applications that facilitate access of the netw orks. Mozilla Firefox and the internet adventurer are just some of the applications that are commonly used by clients to access the internet on the front end. On the other hand, the back end side constitutes the computers, servers and the autonomous data storage systems that drop by the wayside the formation of a cloud that can be accessed from the front end. The internet forms a link between the front end and the back end as it forms the channel of communication between the clients and storage servers.

Academic writing for accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Academic writing for chronicle - Essay Examplety of Accounting discourse, where domiciliate is of the view that accounting had not made enough stride and that there were still defects in the different theories that existed at the time (Chambers 1999, p. 241). This paper will examine the main arguments brought out in the 1999 paper by Chambers, and some of the responses by opposing academicians that will be discussed later on in the paper.Accountability was plausibly one of the biggest concepts that Chambers may have brought to light with the writing of the article that received both plaudit and criticism in equal measure. In the article, Chambers describes the legal issues that most fiscal institutions had to face referable to their unprofessional nature that resulted in the loss of capital to the tune of millions of dollars. This he describes as professional inadequacy, whereby the heap tasked with the right to carry out certain duties, lack the responsibility to do so. This is especially true for Richard Mattessich, who was a strong opponent of the theories brought on by Chambers, especially in Chambers 1999 Poverty. Mattessich describes Chambers as an individual who lacks or fails to find comfort, solace, or even joy in the achievements or strides made by accounting over the last half century (Mattessich 2005, p. 30).Mattessich does not appreciate the fact that the richness of the accounting practice is not identified in Chambers article, which is seen to portray the science that is accounting in unstable light. He, however, agrees that accountability may have been lacking especially with the scandals that came about that led to the bankruptcy of some of the biggest financial institutions at the time. What he does not agree with is the fact that Chambers claims that the field of accounting is to solely beak for the insolvencies that most institutions face. Another opponent of the theories brought forth by Chambers is Tony Tinker. Tinker believes tha t the faith placed on economics by Chambers is

Customer Service Banking in Branches Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

node Service Banking in Branches - Essay ExampleTherefore, while the headquarters of banks are to decide about policies and strategies for diametrical countries and regions, the role of branches becomes very crucial for attracting customers. Though internet banking has also arrived on the horizon, an average banker still prefers banking with the branches in the neighborhood. Customer services form the key factor in making the banking experience enjoyable for a retail customer. Today value addition and management of quality are the buzzwords not only for the manufacturing welkin but for services firmament as well. Therefore it is an emerging subject with potential of having a dogged term impact on the business prospects and profitability on the services sector. In fact if we expect a look at some of the international banks, it becomes all the more clear when we see the look they have evolved over the years, while spreading their reach to countries and regions outside their home ground. Taking good economic aid of customers happens to be one of the key focus areas of these banks. In fact, at judgment of convictions banks go overboard in order to please the customer and keep rolling their finances. Perhaps this sense of urgency is one of the factors behindhand the sub-prime crisis that has shaken the economies around the world. In any case, the study will be limited to study and analyze the customer care aspect of bank branches without going much in detail on the sup-prime aspects. look into Questions and ObjectivesThe main intention of the study is to develop an understanding of the concepts of services sector in general and banking labor in particular. During the study an effort will be made to observe the general working at couple of branches of at least two different banks to seek answers to the following key objectives.Establish a well studied relationship between the economic prospects and banking industry. The relationship has in effect undergo ne rapid changes in view of the fast spreading effects of globalizationAnalyze some of the progressive banks and compare their evolution with some of the leading industries/ companies. This will help in finding out the attractive factors making the sector unique. Analyzing the impact of e-commerce and e-banking in the overall banking business and the segment or percentage of people making intent of such advance facilities.Some of the steps initiated by banks in order to reduce the turnaround time and making the banking experience of customer at the branches less tiring.Analyzing the broader perceptions of customers towards facilitation of banking at branches.Research MethodologyResearch approaches and methods radically influence the research content and, consequently, the policies designed in response to that content. Research philosophy is a feeling about the way in which data about a phenomenon should be gathered, analyzed and used. This thesis is a qualitative case study which focuses on an analysis of the policies being adopted by banks to cater to the postulate of the customer at their branches. To carry out such a study in general we hangout to two main approachesDeductive reasoning, which works from the more general to the more specific subjects. Sometimes this is informally called a top-down approach. In such approach we take up the theory and then try

Chinese popular culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Chinese popular culture - seek ExampleEspecially in immensely growing economies like China or India, college graduates argon of opposite importance. This is because college graduates are the source of talent for the countries. Due to unemployment for many reasons, the pool of talent at the college aim is muddled and their talents to ensure sustainable growth over the period of time go into the drain. In China, it is estimated that this year roughly 7 million students will pass out from colleges and universities. These numbers are the biggest since 2012, when 6.8 million students passed higher college or universities. Keeping this in view, unemployment rate in China will go above the current rate, i.e. 20%, as around 54% out of 7 million students would find it difficult to find a suitable job (Chan, 2010). In this scenario, where college graduates are still lazy, the Chinese government has to step in and alleviate those students. Biggest advantage of unemployment that Chinese c ollege graduates can receive is that, they are provided with funds by the government in assemble to empower them to start earning. But on the other hand, majority of the Chinese corporations and businesses are more angle of dip towards foreign talent than to trust their own pool of talent. As a result, this pool of talent is decorous a waste and the college graduates lifestyle has also gone below par. The perfect example of projecting this trouble is that, Chinese unemployed graduates are forced to live in small colonies, where each apartment is change with 8 to 9 college graduates. Despite of living difficulties these college graduates are facing, another dilemma they are indulging into is turn activities. By adopting a wrongful path, these college graduates aim to make more money in a comparatively less amount of time (Solinger, 1999). To meet their expenditures, these unemployed college graduates majorly depend upon the aid they receive from the government. This aid enables unemployed college graduates to fulfill their expenditures for housing, education, food and travelling. But, due to increasing unemployment, the aid provided to the students is becoming a burden on interior(a) reserves. Chinese government reports millions of Yuan that are spent on the social security of these unemployed college graduates. On the other hand, other source of income for these unemployed college graduate is through criminal activities, purchase and sell of drugs, pursue into trash jobs which prevents the talent to reach at the top notch corporate level where the can express to be more beneficial. Even if they find a job, it might be in the field for which they are not qualified or they do not have ambitions for. In this scenario, they fall victim to tedium at job place and their per shapeance levels are decreased. Moreover, it causes severe depression and stress due to dissatisfaction form the job. Unemployed Peasant Laborers Peasant laborers are those laborers who work at a very basic level of countrys economy. These might include farmers and other self-employed basic level workers. These workers are considered as being the biggest victim of unemployment. This is because, these are the one who produce items of basic necessities and perform basic jobs that are diametric for the growth of

The novel Fahrenheit 451 Essay Example for Free

The refreshful Fahrenheit(postnominal) 451 Essay make believe you ever had a learn that changed the person you were, and the way you viewed biography? The effects of such a learn can be life-changing . We read about such a mentor in the novel Fahrenheit 451. In the novel, Ray Bradbury writes about Guy Montag and his life- changing journey. Montag begins in the novel as a conformist who doesnt re wholey think for himself but passim the novel with the help of mentors he begins to think for himself and doesnt just conform to society. The title, Finnys Break, is revealing of not just the physical break that occurs, but as well as in a wooden-headeder sense it is symbolic of the friendships emotional and psychological break that transpires. This termination to jounce the limb has many disastrous repercussions which are unremitting upon Gene, his friends and the school itself.The first and probably nigh significant of the mentors is Clarisse. Clarisse is a free spirit, who c laimed to be seventeen, but with her wisdom she spoke as a cardinal year old woman. With her sweet, innocent charm, she opened Montags eyes to see his life for what it truly was. For instance, when Clarisse says Did you side at the stretched-out billboard like I told you. This illustrates Clarisse influence on Montag to actually analyze his surroundings. She was the first mentor to spark Montags curiosity to ask why.Clarisse showed Montag that individuality is important from tasting rain to having a deep conversation with family. Clarisse definitely brought Montag out of his old way and encouraged him to think. When Montag and Faber first met, Montag knew that he would make a huge impact on him one day. Faber taught Montag to take his ideas to a grander scale. For instance when Montag says I thought if it off out that book were worthwhile, we might get a press and print some extra copies. Faber replies with Now, if you give notice that we print extra books and Miller arrange to h ave them hidden in firemens house all over the country(85). In addition, Faber explained the deeper meaning of books to Montag, Its not books you need, its some of the things that once were in books(82). Montag needed this wisdom to in order to understand what he was fighting for.Beatty may not count like much of a mentor to Montag, however he was, but the way he taught him was in a negative way that it pushed Montag to be bold. For example when Captain Beatty said Go ahead now, you second-hand litterateur, hale the trigger. in which Montag responded we never burned right (119). This shows how Beattys negative influence toward Montag helped him realize that he wasnt burning the right things in his life. Instead of burning books they should have been burning the televisions and the ignorance that the society had. This push allow for to Montag burning Beatty, which is the start of his vendetta. In Fahrenheit 451, Bradbury illustrates how a mentor can have a life changing impact. Thi s I sometimes think drivers dont know what grass is, or flowers, because they never see them slowly. This novel illustrates the importance of mutual friendship and that the choices we make will often times follow us throughout our lives.

Romeo and Juliet Character Sketch - Juliet Essay Example for Free

Romeo and Juliet Character Sketch Juliet EssayJuliet Capulet is one of the main characters in Romeo and Juliet, a famous walkover written by Shakespe are. Juliet is a beautiful, young 13 division old girl. Despite her age, she is pressured from the very set active of the play to get married, preferably to a young nobleman named Paris who is a relative of the Prince of Verona. During the porta depictions of the play, Juliet seems to be an obedient and nave child who always obeys her parents wishes. However, throughout the play we see Juliets sense of license develop when she makes the outrageous decision to marry Romeo behind her parents backs, and fake her own death. She evolves into someone who is cap up to(p) of devising their own decisions however her actions are in any case defiant and rebellious.Juliet is a 13 year old teenager, who testament be 14 years old on July 31st, besides known as Lammas Eve. I hypothecate that due to her young age and wealthy family t hat Juliet is a very sm all in all, dainty, well-kept and polished teenaged girl. Juliets line of battle is non described in detail in the play, however in Romeos soliloquy at the antecedent of Act 2, Scene 2, he describes Juliet as bright when he says It is the east, and Juliet is the sun. Referring to her as the sun is a allegory for her beingness bright. He gets more in depth and describes her as a fair sun in line 4. Therefore, I imagine she has pale, white skin. Romeo also says in Act 2, guessing 2 The cleverness of her cheek would shame those stars which proves that she has pink rosy cheeks. Romeos soliloquy in Act 2, scene 2 proves what a beautiful, bright, and fair young girl Juliet is. However, dont be fooled by her dainty appearance Juliets actions throughout the play would blushing mushroom a different, more mischievous picture of her in your mind.Juliets actions change quite forcefulally throughout the play. At the beginning of Romeo and Juliet, Juliet seems to be a very obedient teenager who follows her parents orders and does not jut out up for what she rightfully wants. For example, in Act 1, scene 3, Lady Capulet asks Juliet Can you like of Paris love? Juliet is fond to hold up with her mother by saying Ill look to like, if looking liking move. This proves that Juliet is naively obedient, and will do as her parents say even if what they want forher is not what she wants. Juliet has given no thought to the idea of marriage, curiously to Paris since she is only 13 years old and does not know him, yet she follows her parents orders to give him a chance. However, after Juliet meets Romeo at the ball, her obedience and loyalty to her family dwindles away. Juliet begins to disobey her family, and evolves into someone who can make their own decisions, whether they are good or bad.She falls in love with Romeo a Montague, a member of the Capulets feuding family. She makes plans to marry him the day after she meets him without telling her p arents and they spend their wedding ceremony night together in her room at the Capulet mansion. This shows that she is rebelling against her parents by marrying someone from the feuding family, and someone who is not Paris. Furthermore, Juliet makes another defiant decision towards the end of the play. When Lady Capulet tells Juliet about her wedding arrangements with Paris in Act 3, scene 5, Juliet adamantly and angrily refuses the proposal by yelling He shall not make me there a joyful bride.Shortly after Juliets argument with her mother and contract about the wedding, the nurse suggests that Juliet marry Paris to please her parents. Juliet does not take the nurses advice and responds with Ill to the friar, to know his damages if all else fail, myself have power to die. Juliet takes matters into her own hands and is finally standing up for what she wants. She is not let her parents or even the nurse influence her decisions anymore. All of these actions show Juliets maturity, an d growing sense of independence, but also her new defiant, disobedient ways.Juliet is quite a courageous, passionate, and dramatic person. Throughout the play, Juliet deals with emotional situations quite dramatically and is firm to make drastic decisions on impulse. For example, the second Juliet lays eyes on Romeo, and in their next few encounters, she is so very passionate about how she touchs about him. In Act 2, scene 2, she expresses how much she loves him, which may seem overly dramatic since she barely knows him. Juliet makes the impulsive decision to marry Romeo, without really thinking it through which shows how quick she is to make drastic decisions. Juliet makes an extremely courageous and very risky decision in Act 4, scene 3. She decides to take the poison Friar Laurence made for her which will knock her unconscious for 42 hours, despite all of her worries about it not working orpossibly killing her.She takes the poison because she is so passionate about being with R omeo that she would do anything, even fake her death in order to be free of her family and able to leave Verona to be with him. Despite Juliets young age, she is truly a brave and passionate girl who does not let anything stop her from getting what she wants. Furthermore, one of the major events of the play takes place in Act 5, scene 3 when Juliet stabs herself with a dagger after waking up to find Romeo lying dead beside her. Juliet makes the drastic decision to end her own life after finding Romeo dead. This shows her fast decision making skills, and also her passion and love for Romeo. She did not kill herself out of weakness from what she had just seen, but because she would not feel right living without the man that she loves so deeply. Killing yourself out of passion for another human being shows extreme courage and bravery which Juliet has plenty of.Although Juliet is portrayed as a nave 13 year old girl at the beginning of the play, Shakespeare made it a very prominent part of Romeo and Juliet to show how Juliet evolves into an independent, brave and passionate young woman. She begins to rebel like most teenagers do and defies her parents, but nonetheless she did it to stand up for what she wants and believes in and I think that shows extreme courage, bravery, and independence.

Kinetics Lab Essay Example for Free

Kinetics Lab testHow does the hero sandwich concentration of hydrochloric superman affect the order of twinge in a hired gun let go reply?The aim of this experiment is to record how the change in molar concentration of hydrochloric acid affects the invest of the reaction. The following reaction will be testedNa2CO3 10H2O + 2HCl 2NaCl + CO2 + 11H2OTo measure the enumerate of the reaction an venturer GLX with a pressure sensor will be used. The pressure will be measured all(prenominal) second for 90 seconds. HypothesisI believe that if the molar concentration of the hydrochloric acid is increased, than the rate of the pressure will also increase. This is due to the fact that first of all, the reaction is a gas releasing reaction, and thus to a greater extent pressure will be built up in the flask. Also the more surd whiz of the reactants is the more particles there will be, resulting in more collisions between the particles. varyingsType of VariableVariableRange of Values/Method of ControlIndependent VariableConcentration of Hydrochloric Acid0.50 molar, 0.75 molar, 1.0 molar drug-addicted VariableRate of kPaExplorer GLX records ein truth secondControlledMass of Sodium Carbonate-Deca-Hydrate0.50 gramsTemperature of reactionAll reactions overstep at 22C (room temperature)Total Time of Reaction90 seconds in all runnings record book of Hydrochloric Acid15cm3 in all trialsMaterials* 250ml flask* 1- repair stopper with gas collection tubing* 4.5 grams of sodium carbonate-deca-hydrate0.5 for from from each one one trial ( 0.005g)* Explorer GLX with pressure sensor (1.75kPa)* Laptop with Data Studio* Stop watch ( 0.005s)* 135ml of hydrochloric acid45ml of each concentration (1ml)* BalancePictureMethodThere will be three trials for each of the three different concentrations of hydrochloric acid. Using 9 weighing boats and the balance split the sodium carbonate-deca-hydrate into 9 rafts of 0.50g.1) First, set up the data studio and GLX explorer on the laptop. Once the pressure sensor is plugged in the GLX a blank graph should tape up. Under setup in data studio, change the rate of measurement to every 1 second.2) Pour 15ml of 0.5molar hydrochloric acid into the 250ml flask.3) Click the play button on the GLX explorer to start the measurements, and immediately drop the 0.50 grams of sodium carbonate-deca-hydrate into the hydrochloric acid right later cover the flask with the one hole stopper.4) There should be a stop watch on the data studio software, and after 90 seconds stop the measurements by pressing play on the GLX explorer.5) Save the file as 0.5molar trial 1.6) Clean out the flask and repeat steps 1 finished 5 two more times, for trials 2 and 3.7) After three trials are recorded and saved for 0.5molar hydrochloric acid. Repeat these steps for 0.75molar and 1molar hydrochloric acid.boilersuit, you will obligate a total of 9 different graphs on data studio. These graphs will later be taken by applying a suntan line to the beginning of each graph. This tangent line will show the rate of the reaction (sufficient relevant data).ResultsThe graphs from the GLX explorer are shown in the appendix at the end of the testing ground roport. A tangent line (slope line) was used on the beginning of the graphs to get the rate of the reaction. The slope of the tangent line would be the rate of the reaction at the point where the tangent line meets the curve.Table 1 The Rate of the Reaction Concerning the Concentration of the Hydrochloric AcidConcentration (moles) 0.01mQualitative Results* The reaction released a lot of gas. I noticed this because at first the reaction was being done in a test tube and then the one-hole stopper popped off in the middle of the reaction, resulting in a switch to use a flask.* When the molarity of the hydrochloric acid was higher, there was a much louder fizzing noise, indicating a faster reaction.* For some cases no all the sodium carbonate-deca-hydrate reacted fully.* N ot all the sodium carbonate-deca-hydrate which was added to the hydrochloric acid was crushed to mill.GraphCalculations portion dubiousnessConcentration(0.01/0.50) x 100% = 2.0%(0.01/0.75) x 100% = 1.3%(0.01/1.00) x 100% = 1.0%Average Rate of Reaction(0.05/1.00) x 100% = 5.0%(0.05/1.30) x 100% = 3.8%(0.05/2.30) x 100% = 2.2%Total Percentage Uncertainty 15.3%Percentage ErrorUsing sodium carbonate deca hydrate was a limit point to this experiment beacsue this made it extreamly hard-fought to calculate the theoretical value of the reaction. Therefore, one cannot tell weather the lab had a systematic erroneous belief and a random error.ConclusionOverall, the hypothesis held correct. Clearly shown from the results, the rate of the reaction was much faster when the molar concentration of the reaction was greater. The rate of the reaction was measured using a pressure sensor, and as the rate of the pressure would indicate the rate of the reaction. For the one molar concentration of hy drochloric acid the rate of the reaction was intimately twice as fast as the half molar concentration. This can clearly be explained through kinetics. The more concentrated one of the reactants is the more particles there will be. Therefore, when there are more particles more collisions will occur and with more collisions the chances of the collisions being greater than the activation energy will also increase. Overall this increases the rate of the reaction.EvaluationOverall, this experiment went very well however, there were numerous limitations which affected the results. One very clear and important limitation is the fact that not all the sodium carbonate-deca-hydrate was powder. During the experiment, 0.50 grams of sodium carbonate-deca-hydrate was collected for each trial of the experiment. However, not all the sodium carbonate-deca-hydrate was powder, as there were some larger pieces. This changes the surface expanse of the reactant and that would have a greater affect on t he results.For example, if one of the trials had 0.50 grams of sodium carbonate-deca-hydrate and there was a prodigious piece of that substance, than the surface area of those 0.50 grams would be less than the surface area of the trial that had all powder substance. With a larger surface area there would be fewer collisions which would make the rate of the reaction slower. Directly affecting the results, this limitation would need to be improved. A realistic improvement to this experiment would be to simply use a bowl and crush all the sodium carbonate-deca-hydrate to powder. Therefore, there would be no big pieces and the surface area would be relatively the same in each trial.Another limitation to this experiment would be the fact that the sodium carbonate-deca-hydrate was poured into the test tube right before the one hole stopper was rigid on the test tube. Therefore, there was a small time frame where gas was lost. This would affect the pressure in the test tube. One simple w ay to improve this limitation would be to use a special test tube. with this special test tube there should be a small hole on the side where another tube comes out and that is where the sodium carbonate-deca-hydrate would be placed in. Therefore, there would be minimal or no gas escaping and the results would not be affected by a drop in pressure.

Gender Discrimination Essay Example for Free

Gender Discri secondation EssayGender disparity is an important slew in the workplace in todays world. Fe manlike employees argon facing sex activity distinction in the form of different dimensions. This dissimilarity is disturbing their performance. The main aim of this muse is to see the accomplishment of these sex inequality dimensions which include glass chapiter, lucre gap and disparity in facilities on the productiveness of feminine employees with the mediating answer of credit line load and course merriment. The look for is foc utilise on the private reproduction welkin. The commonwealth frame is the femalet apieceers in the private education institutes. A seek of 130 female teachers is hoard for this education.The fabric is demonstrable for our try out for checking the involve of glass pileus, requital gap and unlikeness in facilities on the productivity of female employees. The hypotheses argon developed and after the data analysis som e of the shot argon rejected and some of the supposition argon not rejected. The hypotheses that the glass crown, discrepancy in facilities and earnings gap has controvert strike on employee productivity is accepted which made us to conclude that these contrariety has a big impact on employee productivity and ultimately transcriptional performance.This study go away indue some guidelines to the managers and insurance capturers in any government that how to reduce these secernments. Key words Gender discrepancy, fruitcake ceiling, Employee productivity, salary gap, discrimination in facilities, caper gratification, job trueness, Paper type Research Paper1. gateway1.1 Signifi give the bouncece/Rationales of studyThe study came up with the solutions to the problem of sexual urge discrimination at work place. This study bequeath help the state to be aw be of this dominating problem of sex discrimination and its reasons. This study post besides identify the pres cribed and ostracise effects of discrimination on the world of headache and personal lives of people. Gender discrimination is a wide phenomenon which is fixing all(prenominal) political, social and economic life. In this era where e rattling cardinal think that on that point should be equal goods for men and women, in that respect be some occurrences of people who ar being discriminated because of their gender. It is not an issue, which one can easily tolerate or ignore.Gender discrimination is understood as the unequal treatment against people of either sex, exactly statistics shows that women be the one who are more(prenominal) discriminated just being a female (Lila Adhikari, 2008). Gender issues were first pointed out in 1950s, save its been highlighted in organization and management studies in surrounded by 1980s and 1990s. In this duration more studies on effect of gender discrimination on employees were conducted. One study shows that gender discrimination is mutu all toldy proportional to job commitment and ecstasy which means it reduces the employees productivity which ultimately affectsthe organizational productivity (Zahid Ali Channar, 2011).Many factors find been identified which are responsible for gender discrimination in work place, which are education, promotion, marriage and child bearing and environment. If we look in context of promotion, a wide practice used is glass ceiling, a process by which women are not promoted to high take aim of jobs (Bell, 2002). Last course of instruction report issued by a commission of glass ceiling that shows that there are sole(prenominal) 7 to 9 portionageage of managers that are in senior positions are women at fortune deoxycytidine monophosphate0 (kom and catalyst, 2012). 81 % employers dislike to hire a female. 49 % not carefully planning their careers to benefit women and above of all a survey tells that only 1 percent CEOs or even less than 1 percent take it as first concern, t he schooling of women (Mauricio, 2012). 1.2 Problem StatementHRM in any organization is related to to staffing, motivating and maintaining the organization (Decenzo, 1998). 50 years ago, due to homogeneity of work force the HRM was very simple, simply now-a-days the workforce is heterogeneous. Managing this heterogeneity required such(prenominal) a staff that can create an equi control panel environment so that no group has any kind of advantage or disadvantage on other(a) group (Wayne, 1995). Heterogeneity in workplace gave birth to gender discrimination, which has become an intense situation in Pakistan and affecting the employees productivity (Qaiser Abbas, 2011).An employee perform difficult tasks for the survival and improvement of organization but gender discrimination reduces the employees blessedness, commitment and enthusiasm and outgrowths the stress level which ultimately affects the productivity of an employee (Zahid Ali Channar, 2011). These studies did not cover that how dimensions of gender discrimination effect the productivity of employee. The dimensions of gender discrimination include discrimination in promotions, discrimination in salary and discrimination in facilities provided. So there is a need to explore the effect of different dimensions of gender discrimination on the productivity of employee.1.3 Aim of the studyThis study investigates that how different dimensions of gender discrimination effect the employee productivity. It would be helpful for any organization in the process of policy make which will ultimately increase the productivity of an organization. 1.4 Research Objectives1) To identify that whether gender discrimination has an effect on productivity of employees in private educational institutes. 2) To explore how the productivity of employees is affected by gender discrimination in promotion, salary and facilities provided in private educational institutes. 3) To examine the results of the survey.4) To recommend some reformed measures to the policy makers for the future. 1.5 Research Questions1) What is semblance amidst the employee productivity and gender discrimination? 2) What is effect of gender discrimination in promotion, salary and facilities on the performance of an employee?2. Literature ReviewThis literature view is based on the valuation of gender discrimination on employees productivity. The gender discrimination now exist most of the organization around the world. Gender discrimination may exist in different dimensions like discrimination in promotions, facilities and Salaries. In simple words gender discrimination can be defined as the dirty treatment or behavior based on gender. It is said to occur when an individuals conclusion is based on gender. Gender discrimination was attempted to define by no law. If we look in the perspective of employment, it is giving more advantage to a particular group (Wayne, 1995). This thing results in the lessen productivity of employees . 2.1 Gender Discrimination in Global PerspectiveThe first form of discrimination was comprise by the universal declaration of human rights (1948). Gender discrimination is now a social disease which is destroying the lives of women around the world. Sen (1991) shows us that if equal treatment and opportunities were given whence there should be more 100 million females than are presently alive. Many steps were taken to eliminate the gender discrimination but none of them was proved to be effective. The Beijing conference that documented 12 most prominent field of operationss of discrimination was a big step in eliminating the gender discrimination (UNFPA, 2005). It is proved from the studies that gender discrimination has an crook on the employee productivity. A study shows that if there is a proper policy of gender discrimination there will be a change in employees productivity (Naqi Abbas, 2010).2.2 Glass CeilingWomen in workplace face a wide practice called glass ceiling. Thi s is a practice in which women are ignored when making a promotion policy or promoting an employee. We can see that in every organization the executive posts are held by males. According to a study only 3 percent of the most paid executives are female and these posts are disproportionately held by men (Healy and Zukka, 2004).Women are by and large entrusted in smaller projects not the big one. They are being unplowed deprived from international appointee which is keeping away from their promotions. Nick (1991) had conducted the study on international careers of women. His study all the way shows that there is a glass ceiling effect. Women are not being encouraged to do late projects on new markets and they are being kept at junior manager positions. Gender discrimination is not promptly related to productivity.The relation of employee productivity and gender discrimination is mediated by job satisfaction and job commitment. Employees who faces policies and practices of gender discrimination show less satisfaction with their job (Ensher et al, 2001). When individuals face gender discrimination in workplace they show a low level of job commitment so gender discrimination has a negative relation with job commitment and job satisfaction (Sharon Foley, 2005). Gender discrimination creates latent hostility and reduces the satisfaction of people and it is the study of 139 Hispanic male and female (Sanchez, 1996).The productivity of a happy worker is higher than an unhappy worker (Rabins, 1999,). Employee satisfaction plays a vital single-valued function in its productivity and there is a scoreificant relation of job satisfaction with employee productivity (Pushpakumari, 2008). Job satisfaction take on to organizational responsibility, mental health and finally employee productivity (Coomber, 2007).Another study shows us that the organizations who perceive greater gender discrimination report less satisfaction and commitment (Ellen A. Ensher, 2001). The hyp otheses are given below 1) Glass ceiling has negative impact on employee productivity. 2) Glass ceiling is negatively related with employee productivity. 3) Job Satisfaction is autocraticly related with employee productivity. 4) Job satisfaction mediates the relation between gender discrimination in promotions and employee productivity. 2.3 Discrimination in facilitiesIn a workplace an employee is provided with many facilities which helps them to complete their task which include computers, air conditioners, assistant and take facilities etc. If on a work place if such kind of facilities are provided to a male employee and not provided to a female employee of a same post. The female employee will start to think that the pep pill management dont care about them which will increase their stress level and the satisfaction level of that employee cold be decreased which will affect the employees productivity. The hypotheses are given below 1) Gender discrimination in facilities has n egative impact on employee productivity. 2) Gender discrimination in facilities is negatively related with job satisfaction. 3) Job Satisfaction mediates the relationship between gender discrimination in facilities and employee productivity.2.4 wage GapAnother dimension of discrimination is the Salary gap. Women usually get low pay thence men in any job they are appointed. Ashraf and Ashraf (1993) study shows that there is a gap of 63.27 percent in salary in 1979, and in 1986 it decreases to 33.09 percent. This was the decline in every province. Discrimination is not the phenomenon of one or two countries, it exist in most of the developed countries like USA. A study showed that women dietitians in USA earn 45,258 dollars per year while men earn 50,250 dollars per year (Pollard, 2007). Managers at top level in organization mostly prefer their own interest rather than others.They think that superiors who pick out effect on their careers will support them. According to Susan et al (1998) mostly top managers in any organization are the people who are more biased against females and these people save interest of their own. The study shows that job commitment is monumental related with productivity, there exist high degree of correlation between commitment and productivity. Individuals that are highly committed proved to be more productive and seduce higher satisfaction and have no intention to leave the job rather than employee with low job commitment (Varsha, 2012). The hypotheses are given below 1) Salary gap has negative impact on employee productivity.2) Salary gap is negatively related with job commitment3) Job inscription is positively related with employee productivity 4) Job Commitment mediates the relation between salary gap and employee productivity.2.5 Gender discrimination in PakistanPakistan is in any case one of the countries where gender discrimination is seen in most of the organizations. We all know Pakistan is a male dominating society and women are being treated unfairly in every field of profession. Gender discrimination has spread its make up from public organizations to private organizations. Women are being kept at low level jobs and they are not promoted to high posts due to biasness of top level managers and policy makers. A study by Ghizala Kazi (2011) shows us that no women in the public organizations are in the scale of 20 or more.There are very a few(prenominal) women above scale 15. Most of the women are under 15th scale, which shows the situation of discrimination in Pakistan. Many factors for this situation were identified like education, promotion, environment, child bearing and discrimination. If such kinds of discrimination is eliminated than the productivity of these women employees could be increased. There are evidences that the promotion of gender equality leads to a bump performance and improved rescue of concerned society.The societies who have greater female employment opportunities are le ss corrupt and have better governance (Klasen, 2006). This is not the end of discriminations in Pakistan. A women employee is also discriminated in Salary, which is a basic right of an employee that he should get compensated according to his work and post. In Pakistan you will see men and women working on same job level but different pay. In the report of poverty in Pakistan it is clearly proved that majority of women are concentrated in low paid jobs with very few opportunity for moving upward (Shah et al, 2004).If we look in the export industries of Pakistan which is a backbone in measuring of economy of Pakistan we will see the similar situation of discrimination. The study of Siddique (2006) surveyed the industries of export that are in Karachi, Sialkot and Faisalabad. The results from this study confirms the gender discrimination and shows that men were getting 20 percent more than then women working at the same post. It was also concluded that adjustment policies and change in labor market has a negative impact on females. To have maximum output from women employee the organizational culture of discrimination should be changed. organizational culture affects the performance of employee. Organizational environment and culture can make the workplace attractive and validatory for a female employee. Attitudes of peers and support from family are also very significant for the female employee (Irfan, 2009). Many studies have discussed the gender discrimination as a general term but there is need to explore the discrimination in different dimensions and how these dimensions affect the productivity of employees. Gender discrimination has three dimensions which include discrimination in promotions, salary and facilities provided. So this study will be based on exploring the effect of dimensions of gender discrimination on productivity of employees.3. Conceptual frameworkIn the literature look back of this topic the framework has been defined which show the re lationship between the inconstants.Correlation is basically run to analyze the relationship between two or more variable. It also measure that how two variables move in relation to each other. It measures the strength and vigilance of linear relationship between two variables with respect to each other. The sign of the set shows the direction that whether it is negative or positive. Positive sign shows that the variables are moving in same direction means if one variable is increasing the other variable is also increasing and negative sign shows that if one variable is increasing then other variable is decreasing.The magnitude shows the intensity between variable. If the measure out is between 0.1 and 0.5 then the variables are weakly correlated. If the nourish is between 0.5 and 0.7 then the variables are moderately correlated. If the value is between 0.7 and 0.99 then the variables are strongly correlated. The value 1 shows the perfect correlation between variables. board 5 shows the intensity and the direction of any two variables. Highest value of correlation is 0.753 which is between gender discrimination in facilities and glass ceiling. So the correlation between discrimination in facilities and glass ceiling is positive and strongly correlated.The relationship between DF and EP, and DF and JS, and JC and SG is negative. So it means that if you have more salary gap than your commitment to job will be less but its value is less than any else two variables, so we can say that job commitment will be less but with very small value, and if you have more discrimination in facilities then your productivity will be less. The remaining variables have positive relation with each other. The relationship is significant at 1% which means there are 99% chances that the relationship between all two variables will remain the same if the sample is changes and sample size and population remains same as shown in the table given below.5.7 RegressionThis search is to check the effect of gender discrimination dimensions which are glass ceiling, salary gap and discrimination in facilities on the employee productivity. This research also includes two mediating variables job satisfaction and job commitment. Job satisfaction is mediating between glass ceiling and employee productivity and also discrimination in facilities and employee productivity. Job commitment is mediating between salary gap and employee productivity. For this 9 guess were developed. For the purpose of checking the impact regression has been apply.The model has only one pendant variable so there will be one model of regression equation. There will be separate equation for mediating variable to check the mediating effect of variables between independent and dependent variable. In first model we run the regression equation between EP, GC, DF, SG, JC and Job satisfaction. 5.7.1 Regression EquationEP = 4.66 0.38GC 0.86DF 0.26SG + 0.017JC + 0.167JSThe in a higher place equation shows that if all the other variables remain unchanged or have value of zero then the productivity of employee remains at 14.66. It is the fixed value of employee productivity. The coefficient values tell the per unit change in the employee productivity so if we increase the value of GC, SG and DF then the value of employee productivity will decrease by 0.38, 0.86 and 0.26 respectively. If the value of job commitment increases by one then the value of employee productivity will increase by 0.017. The hypotheses of glass ceiling, discrimination in facilities and job satisfaction are accepted. If the value of job satisfaction is increased then the value of employee productivity will increase by 5.10 Kruskal Wallis TestThe non-parametric canvass will be used that is kruskal-Wallis test. Whenever the assumption of levene test is not fulfilled the non-parametric test i.e. kruskal-Wallis test is used. So kruskal-Wallis test is applied to check the level of job commitment in the females w ho are earning less than 30,000 between 30,000 and 40,000 and more than 40,000. The table given below shows that the asymptotic value is greater than 0.05so test is insignificant. So there is no difference in the average of glass ceiling in all three populations. So we can conclude that there is no significant difference between the mean of all three population p = 0.509, with a mean rank of 73.45 for below 30,000, 65.20 for 30,000 to 40,000 and 73.00 for above 40,000.6. DiscussionThis study is conducted to check the impact of gender discrimination on the productivity of employees. The study included three dimensions of gender discrimination that is discrimination in promotions, discrimination in facilities and discrimination in salary. With the help of previous studies it is found that all these discriminations have negative impact on employee productivity which is mention in literature view. The hypotheses were developed for this study. There are 12 hypotheses that are developed. First conjecture is that glass ceiling has negative impact on employee productivity.This guessing is check over after entering the data into SPSS. He results show that glass ceiling does have negative impact on employee productivity. If women are not being promoted to higher job positions and if there is no such policies related to gender discrimination then the productivity of female employee decreases. Second speculation was that the glass ceiling is negatively related with job satisfaction. this opening is examine through the correlation. The table 5 of correlation clearly shows that glass ceiling is negatively related with the job satisfaction and result is also significant so this hypothesis is support.Third hypothesis is that the job satisfaction is positively related with the employee productivity. The table of correlation shows the positive relation between the two variables. So employee productivity increases as the job satisfactions continues to increase and if job s atisfaction decreases the employee productivity also decreases. Fourth hypothesis is that the job satisfaction is mediating between glass ceiling and employee productivity. This hypothesis is checked through the mediation test which consists of four steps. This test did not support the hypothesis so this hypothesis is rejected.Fifth hypothesis is that the discrimination in facilities has negative impact on the employee productivity. This hypothesis is checked by regression. Discrimination in facilities has the negative impact on the employee productivity and it is also significant. So this hypothesis is also supported. The sixth hypothesis is that discrimination in facilities is negatively related with the job satisfaction. This hypothesis is supported because the correlation between them is negative in the table 5. So the discrimination in facilities increases then the satisfaction with the job decreases.The next hypothesis is that the job satisfaction plays the mediating role betw een the discrimination in facilities and employee productivity. This hypothesis is also checked by the mediation test the result is shown in the table 8 which shows that this hypothesis is not supported. It means that job satisfaction is not mediating between discrimination in facilities and employee productivity. The eights hypothesis that was developed is that salary gap has negative impact on the employee productivity. The hypothesis is not supported as it is checked by regression test which is shown in the table 6. It has negative impact but it is not significant means that if gap is more in salary then employee productivity decreases but not significantly. The one-ninth hypothesis is that salary gap is negatively related with job commitment.The hypothesis is checked with the correlation which is shown in the table 5 of correlation which shows that the relation between these two variables is negative. So salary gap reduces the job commitment of female employees. The next hypothe sis that is developed is that the job commitment is positively related with the employee productivity. The relation is checked with the correlation and hypothesis is supported because results show that there is positive relation between salary gap and job commitment and it issignificant. It means more job commitment the more employee productivity. The next hypothesis is that job commitment mediated the relation between the salary gap and employee productivity. This hypothesis is checked by the mediation test and it is not supported. The results show that job commitment does not play a mediating role between salary gap and employee productivity.The t test is also applied to check that whether the level of variables is also applicable on the population. The results are shown in the table 9. This table shows that all the values of p are significant so the level is also the same as the population. The level of job commitment is also checked in the three population related to different i ncome groups that is below 30,000, 30,000-40,000 and more than 40,000.For this purpose the analysis of variance is applied but for ANOVA the assumption of levene test should be fulfilled that is its value should be insignificant. The table 10 shows that levene test assumption is not fulfilled so the non-parametric test is used. The non-parametric test is the Kruskal-Willis test. This test is applied and the hypothesis is rejected as its asymptotic value is not significant. So it means that the there is no significant difference between the job commitment of females who are earning less than 30000, 30000-40000 and more than 40000.7. Implication finished this study the impact of gender discrimination is checked on the employee productivity. The productivity of an employee is much important for an organization. So the management should consider the issue of gender discrimination as it is shown that the gender discrimination has negative impact on the employee productivity. As our secto r for this research is the private education institutes which are very important sector for a developing countries so the management should consider reforming its policies. The management should make transparent, merit based recruitment and selection, it should also provide the training for better performance of female employee so that they can be promoted, they could be provided similarly facilities and different incentive so that they compete economically with the men as all these discriminations are effecting their productivity. 8. LimitationThis study was only focused to the three dimensions of gender discriminationand employee productivity is the only variable that is measured that effect the productivity of organization. This research was only examining the education sector and the data was put oned only from private institutions. The data was also 140 and it was collected only from the schools that are in the city area the educations institutes in the village was not collec ted so therefore the ability of generalizability of our findings were restricted and this can lead us to the biasness of respondents (Paul et al., 2003).9. ConclusionThis study provided an insight that how the dimensions of gender discrimination affect the productivity of employee. The data has been collected from different private education institutes through questionnaire. After the analysis that we have done on SPSS we can conclude that gender discrimination has a negative impact on the employee productivity which ultimately affect the performance of employee. The result of impact of salary gap on the employee productivity is not significant. So if the organizations necessity to perform well then they should keep the gender discrimination out of their organizations in order to make their female employees perform well which will be beneficial for the organization.10. ReferencesChannar, Z. A. (2011). Gender Discrimination in workforce and its Impact. Pak. J. Commer. Soc. Sci, Vol . 5, pp. 177-191. Dixit, V. (2012). A Study about Employee Commitment and its impact. European daybook of Business and Social Sciences, Vol. 1, pp. 34-51. Abbas, S. M. (2010). Gender base Wage Discrimination and Its Impact on Performance of Blue Collar Workers Evidence. KASBIT Business Journal, Vol. 3, pp. 45-63. Hiau, Joo. Kee. (2008) Glass ceiling or sticky floor exploring the Australian gender pay gap.The Economic Record, Vol. 82, No.59, pp. 408-427. Foley, S. (2005). Perceptions of Discrimination and Justice ar there Gender Differences in Outcomes? Group Organization Management, Vol. 30, pp. 421-452. Ashraf, J, and B. Ashraf (1993) Estimating the Gender Wage Gap in Rawalpindi City. Journal of Development Studies 292. Ensher, E. A., Grant-Vallone, E. J., Donalson, S. I. (2001). effect of perceived discrimination on job satisfaction,organizational commitment, organizational citizenship behavior, and grievances. gay Resource Development Quarterly, Vol. 12, pp. 53-72. Prudenc e Pollard, Maxine Taylor and Noba Daher, Health Care Manager Jan-Mar2007, Vol. 26 Issue 1, p52-63, 12p, 4 charts Ensher, E. A. (2011).Effects of Perceived discrimination on job satisfaction, organizational commitment, organizational citizenship behaviour and grievances. benevolent resource development quarterly, Vol. 1. Coomber B, Barriball KL. 2007Impact of job satisfactions on intent to leave and turnover for hospital based nurses a review of the research literature, International Journal of Nursing Studies, Vol. 44, pp. 297-314. Joanne Healy and Zucca J. Linda Mid-American Journal of Business Spring2004, Vol. 19 Issue 1, pp. 55-62. Sen, Amartya, 1999, Assessing Human Development Special Contribution Human Development Report 1999 (New York UNDP). Shah, Parveen. Memon, Rajab. A. (2004). Socio-economic and demographic status of rural women in Sindh.Proceedings of the international conference on social sciences endangered and engendered, Fatima Jinnah women university, Rawalpindi, P akistan, pp. 98-113. Nick, Foster. (1999) another glass ceiling? The experiences of women professionals and managers on international assignments, Gender, Work and Organization, Blackwell publishers ltd., Vol. 6, no. 2, pp.79-89.United Nation Population Fund (UNFPA), 2004, class of Action Adopted at the International Conference on Population and Development, Cairo 1994 Wayne, F. Casico, (1995) Managing Human Resource, Productivity, woodland of work life, Profits, McGraw hill Internationals, 4th ed. pp. 61-116. Susan, Trentham. Laurie, Larwood, (1998) Gender discrimination and the workplace an examination of rational bias theory, energise Roles A Journal of Research, Jan, 1998, pp. 1-22. Sanchez, J. I., Brock, P. (1996). Outcomes of perceived discrimination among Hispanic employees Is diversity management a luxury or a necessity? Academy of Management Journal, 39 (3), 704719.11. AppendicesQuestionnaire We are students of B.sc (Hons) Accounting Finance, currently doing a research project on gender discrimination and its Impact on employees performancefor which the questionnaire is being distributed to collect empirical data. Therefore you are kindly requested to fill this questionnaire. The information will be kept confidential and will be used for only academic Purpose it will take 15-20 min to complete the data. Thank you in anticipation (Strongly Disagree = 1, Strongly Agree = 5) Employee Productivity

Supermarket and International Segment Essay Example for Free

Supermarket and internationalistic Segment EssayWal-Mart in brazil-nut tree is one of the third-largest retailer companies in the worlds fifth-largest country. Wal-Mart Brazil has more than 485 supermarkets, tether and Sams hypermarkets in different Brazilian states, including Sao Paulo, one of the busiest state in Brazil. Wal-Mart Brazil ranks as the third-largest retailer in the worlds fifth-largest country. Since entering the market in 1995 with just two supercenters and three SAMS CLUB warehouse stores, Wal-Mart Brazil has grown, brinyly by acquisition, to number about 485 supermarkets and hypermarkets in more than 15 Brazilian states, including the populous economic center of Sao Paul. Wal-Mart primary product lines are Food, Clothing, Household Appliances, Electronics and Grocery Pets Etc . eyepatch brand realize production accounts for a majority of sales, numerous store brands not found in the United States perk up been developed to serve customers in the differen t markets in which the transnational segment operates. In addition, steps possess been taken to develop relationships with local suppliers in each country to ensure certain sources of quality merchandise. It operates retail stores in various formats around the world and is committed to saving people cash so they can live better.We earn the trust of our customers every day by providing a full(a) assortment of quality merchandise and services at every day low prices enchantment foster a culture that rewards and embraces mutual respect, integrity and diversity. The merchandising strategy for the International segment is similar to that of our operations in the United States in terms of the breadth and scope of merchandise offered for sale. While brand name merchandise accounts for a majority of sales, numerous store brands not found in the United States have been developed to serve customers in the different markets in which the International segment operates.In addition, steps have been taken to develop relationships with local suppliers in each country to ensure reliable sources of quality merchandise The International segment competes with a variety of local, national and international orbits in the supermarket, discount, department, drug, variety and curio stores, supercenter-type stores, hypermarts, wholesale clubs, internet-based retailers and catalog businesses in each of the countries in which we operate and, in Mexico, with local, national and international eating house chains.Our ability to offer our customers low prices on quality merchandise that offers exceptional value in the International segment determines, to a large extent, our competitive position. In our international units, our ability to operate the food departments efficaciously has a major impact on the segments competitive position in the markets where we operate. The main competitor for Wal-Mart in Brazil is Carrefour, a famous French supermarket chain, which entered the Brazi lian market in 1974.Today, the chain is responsible for the operation of 39 stores spread over the country, and is fully adapted to Brazilian culture and usance habits, therefore not being perceived by customers as a foreign company. As a matter of fact, Carrefour is known as the lowest price retailer by people of every social classes. Customers impressed by low prices and extensive product lines, besides special offers, who had to travel some(prenominal) miles to reach the stores, were in for a surprise.In case the products that customers were looking for had been sold out a fewer moments earlier, there was no provision as to when a new stock would arrive in the store. A badly planned product turnover? The fact is that they were facing an average stockout rate of 40%, while its stockout rate in the U. S. stores is no higher than 5%. Maybe this stockout rate has occurred due to various problems with suppliers, whom Wal-Mart executives expect to be capable of working in a just-in -time delivery environment.

The Old Man and the Sea by Ernest Hemingway Essay Example for Free

The Old patch and the Sea by Ernest Hemingway EssayAt some point as children, we eternally wish we were big. It seems normal for children to want to hang out with the big kids, most identically because they are smarter or more watchd. Its tell that with age fathers wisdom, and thats probably why kids a great deal look to their parents, teachers, or one-time(a)er siblings for advice, rather than their peers. Although children are al ways looking to their elders, at the same time, adults often look to children to regain their juvenility. For some reason, adults fear getting old, so they find spending time with unsalteder plenty makes the live early days and lively again. In Ernest Hemingways wise The Old Man and the Sea, the author uses the elderly man, capital of Chile, to represent old age, and he uses the boy, Manolin, to represent the aspect of young person in the story. The contrast between these two characters illustrates this idea of wisdom coming with age and elderly hunger for youth.Old age is represented in this story by capital of Chile. He is a very old man who has been fishing for most of his life. He has been fishing for so long that he knows many of the ways and techniques to being a good fisherman. He is a very skilled fisherman, and he has a ism about how one fishes is how they live. He being old lives a very simple life and likewise fishes in a very simple way. He can survive on so inadequate and he doesnt eat much, but he is still satisfied. He is the fuckd, wise one in the race of him and Manolin, so he is helping the boy learn to fish, which allows Manolin to look up to him. The old man had taught the boy to fish, and the boy loved him. (p.10) Although he is so talented and knowledgeable when it comes to fishing though, his old age has diminished him physically. This prevents him from being the great fisherman that he probably was in the past. He struggles a lot passim the book with his lack of physical strength, and in the scene where he first catches the fish and he is act to hold the line, the narrator says, This will kill him, the old man thought. He cant do this forever. (p.45)This is a good example of how, despite the old mans mental strength, optimism, and wisdom, he still will feel like a failure because of his deteriorating body. One way the old man recaptures his no longer existent youth is through the dreams he has of lions laying on the beaches. This reminds him of the days when he was in Africa, the days when he was young and in good physical shape. Also, often through the book,the old man is yearning for the boys assistance. The boy helps him feel strong as he probably was when he was young. He says, I wish I had the boy. (p.45) entirely capital of Chile stays persistent and patient, although he has not successfully caught a fish for 85 days. This shows a lot of the elderly mans intensity, and his qualities that make him a wise teacher for the young boy Manolin. This is why Santiago portrays the Christ figure in this story.As opposed to Santiago, Manolin is the young boy in the story who symbolizes youth. irrelevant the old man, he is a little boy who is physically strong, as are many young boys, and he is also inexperienced in many aspects of his life. He loves and looks up to the old man, particularly because he taught the boy to fish. He hasnt fished much in his life yet because he is so young, so he really respects the old mans talent. He seems to look up to Santiago as if he was his cause or his mentor. As a lot of the other men in the town make gambling of the old man for not catching a fish, the boy did not. He cares too much for him. It made the boy sad to see the man come in each day with his skiff empty. (p.9) Because so often the man wishes he had Manolin with him to help, this shows how Manolin must be in good health and physical strength. As Santiago would be serving as the Christ figure in this novel, Manolin would represent one of his disciples.With age does come wisdom, as Hemingway shows in this novel? Santiago symbolizes old age and wisdom with his great fishing experience and also represents a God figure, while Manolin represents youth and looks up to the old man for wisdom. The boy makes Santiago feel strong and youthful as he once was when he was young. Many old people look to younger people because they yearn for the strength they once had, while children always yearn for the experience that older people have. This just goes to show you always want what you dont have.

Good vs Evil Essay Example for Free

Good vs Evil EssayAre each human beings born to be well-behaved or evil? Can we change to the opposite of what we ar? When a person frames good or evil, there is always a reason behind that. No ace is this humanity, is born to be evil nor good, we are all told born to be equal and neutral. As we experience our life, we change due to the society we are living in now. However, jealousy and our past is in any case another reason why we change. Are these the real reasons why we change? To begin with, society is one reason why people change and lead either good or evil, but why?This happens because of all the people around us. We become so influenced by all the people around us that we forget what good and evil really means. A good person is good but at once they are around evil people and experiences how the society really is with that society that person will become evil and will never realize it. Secondly, jealousy is another reason why we become good or evil. In the boo k, Lord of the flies, Ralph was chosen to be the leader because he was mature, intelligent, and understandable.But Jack melodic theme he shouldve been the leader because he was the leader of his choir, and because of his jealousy he make plans to kill Ralph. Also, Jack made his own tribe and was held on Castle Rock because he wanted to prove to the others that he do-nothing be a better leader than Ralph. Jealousy can lead to a lot of regretful decisions, whether their good or evil. Lastly, our past can also be a reason why we become good or evil. Most people think the past is in the past and theirs no spillage back. Thats true, but to others their past stays with them all the time.Thats because their past mustve been to terrifying to forget. In my past, my best friend was taken away from me by someone else. I was upset and terrified because of what she did. I noticed I became evil I would always want to take revenge and terrify her bid she did to me. Our past can make us do foo lish things. No one in this world is born to be good or evil. Some are just evil because of all the knotty things that have been influenced around them. And some are good because of all the good things that have been influenced around them. It depends all on your society, jealousy and your past.