Beauty and Brain

Beauty is not about having a beautiful skin, or body. It's about what's within. If you have a good and a pleasing personality, then you have to consider yourself beautiful from within. In behalf of being beautiful, let's Just don't forget about having a well- functioned brain. Like for example, Joining beauty pageant. People would probably say What is beauty if brain is empty' when Judges must asked you a question. So we must study hard to consider ourselves Beauty and Brain. Beauty is not about having a beautiful skin, or body.It's about what's within. If you have a good and a pleasing personality, then you have to consider yourself beautiful from within. In behalf of being beautiful, let's Just don't forget about having a well-functioned brain. Like for example, Joining beauty pageant. People would probably say What is beauty if brain is empty' when Judges must asked you a question. So we must study hard to consider ourselves Beauty and Brain. From within. In behalf of being beauti ful, let's Just don't forget about having a well- example, Joining beauty pageant.People would probably say What is beauty If brain ourselves Beauty and Brain. Beauty Is not about having a beautiful skin, or body. It's about what's within. If you have a good and a pleasing personality, then you have to consider yourself beautiful from within. In behalf of being beautiful, let's Just don't forget about having a well-functioned brain. Like for example, Joining beauty pageant. People would probably say ‘What Is beauty If brain Is empty' when Judges must asked you a question. So we must study hard to consider ourselves Beauty and Brain.

The Globalization Debate: Prosperity or Impoverishment?

Is the shift toward a more integrated and interdependent global economy a good thing? Many influential economists, politicians, and business leaders seem to think so. They argue that falling barriers to international trade and investment are the twin engines that are driving the global economy toward ever greater prosperity. They argue that increased international trade and cross-border investment will result in lower prices for goods and services. They believe that globalization stimulates economic growth, raises the incomes of consumers, and helps to create jobs in all countries that choose to participate in the global trading system. There are good theoretical reasons for believing that declining barriers to international trade and investment do stimulate economic growth, create jobs, and raise income levels. Moreover, considerable empirical evidence lends support to the predictions of this theory. However, despite the existence of a compelling body of theory and evidence, the process of globalization has its critics. We would be remiss if we did not mention their concerns. Here we briefly review the main themes of the debate. In later chapters we shall elaborate on many of the points mentioned below Globalization, Jobs, and Incomes One frequently voiced concern is that far from creating jobs, removing barriers to international trade actually destroys manufacturing jobs in wealthy advanced economies such as the United States. The basic thrust of the critics' argument is that falling trade barriers allow firms to move their manufacturing activities offshore to countries where wage rates are much lower. Bartlett and Steele, two journalists for the Philadelphia Inquirer who have gained notoriety for their attacks on free trade, cite the case of Harwood Industries, a U. S. clothing manufacturer that closed its U. S. operations, where it paid workers $9 per hour, and shifted manufacturing to Honduras, where textile workers receive 48 cents per hour. 32 Because of moves like this, argue Bartlett and Steele, the wage rates of poorer Americans have fallen significantly over the last quarter of a century. Supporters of globalization reply that critics such as Bartlett and Steele miss the essential point about free trade-the benefits outweigh the costS. 3 They argue that free trade results in countries specializing in the production of those goods and services that they can produce most efficiently, while importing goods that they cannot produce as efficiently from other countries. When a country embraces free trade there is always some dislocation-lost textile jobs at Harwood Industries, for example-but the whole economy is better off as a result. According to this view, it makes little sense for the United States to produce textiles at home when they ca n be produced at a lower cost in Honduras or China (which, unlike Honduras, is a major source of U. S. textile imports). Importing textiles from China leads to lower prices for clothes in the United States, which enables U. S. consumers to spend more of their money on other items. At the same time, the increased income generated in China from textile exports increases income levels in that country, which helps the Chinese to purchase more products produced in the United States, such as Boeing jets, Intel-based computers, Microsoft software, and Motorola cellular telephones. In this manner, supporters of globalization argue that free trade benefits all countries that adhere to a free trade regime. Supporters of globalization do concede that the wage rate enjoyed by unskilled workers in many advanced economies has declined in recent years. For example, data from the Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development suggest that since 1980 the lowest 10 percent of American workers have seen a drop in their real wages (adjusted for inflation) of about 20 percent, while the top 10 percent have enjoyed a real pay increase of about 10 percent. Similar trends can be seen in many other countries. However, while critics of globalization argue that the decline in unskilled wage rates is due to the migration of low-wage manufacturing jobs offshore, and a corresponding reduction in demand for unskilled workers, supporters of globalization see a more complex picture. They maintain that the declining real wage rates of unskilled workers owes far more to a technology-induced shift within advanced economies away from jobs where the only qualification was a willingness to turn up for work every day and toward jobs that require employees to possess significant education and skills. They point out that within many advanced economies there is a shortage of highly skilled workers and an excess supply of unskilled workers. Thus, growing income inequality is a result of the wages for skilled workers, being bid up by the labor market and the wages for unskilled workers being discounted. If one agrees with this logic, a solution to the problem of declining incomes is to be found not in limiting free trade and globalization, but in increasing society's investment in education to reduce the supply of unskilled workers. Globalization, Labor Policies, and the Environment IA second source of concern is that free trade encourages firms from advanced nations to move manufacturing facilities offshore to less developed countries that lack adequate regulations to protect labor and the environment from abuse by the unscrupulous. Critics argue that adhering to labor and environmental regulations significantly increases the costs of manufacturing enterprises and puts them at a competitive disadvantage in the global marketplace vis-a-vis firms based in developing nations that do not have to comply with such regulations. Firms deal with this cost disadvantage, so the theory goes, by moving their production facilities to nations that do not have such burdensome regulations or fail to enforce the regulations they do have. If this is the case, one might expect free trade to lead to an increase in pollution and result in firms from advanced nations exploiting the labor of less developed nations. This argument was used repeatedly by those who opposed the 1994 formation of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) among Canada, Mexico, and the United States. The vision they painted was one of U. S. anufacturing firms moving to Mexico in droves so that they would be free to pollute the environment, employ child labor, and ignore workplace safety and health issues, all in the name of higher profits. Supporters of free trade and greater globalization express serious doubts about this scenario. They point out that tougher environmental regulations and stricter labor standards go hand in hand with economi c progress. In general, as countries get ‘richer, they enact tougher environmental and labor regulations. Since free trade enables developing countries to increase their economic growth rates and become richer, this should be correlated ith the introduction of tougher environmental and labor laws. In this view, the critics of free trade have got it backward-free trade does not lead to more pollution and labor exploitation; it leads to less! Moreover, supporters of free trade point out that it is possible to tie free trade agreements to the implementation of tougher environmental and labor laws in less developed countries. NAFTA, for example, was passed only after side agreements had been negotiated that committed Mexico to tougher enforcement of environmental protection regulations. Thus, supporters of free trade argue that factories based in Mexico are now cleaner than they would have been without the passage of NAFTA. Free trade supporters also argue that business firms are not the amoral organizations that critics suggest. While there may be a few rotten apples, the vast majority of business enterprises are staffed by managers who are committed to behave in an ethical manner and would be unlikely to move production offshore just so they could pump more pollution into the atmosphere or exploit labor. Furthermore, the relationship among pollution, labor exploitation, and production costs may not be that suggested by critics. In general, a well-treated labor force is a productive work force, and it is productivity rather than base wage rates that often has the greatest influence on costs. Given this, in the vast majority of cases, the vision of greedy managers who shift production to low-wage companies in order to â€Å"exploit† their labor force may be misplaced. Globalization and National Sovereignty A final concern voiced by critics' of globalization is that in today's increasingly interdependent global economy, economic power is shifting away from national governments and toward supranational organizations such as the World Trade Organization (WTO), the European Union, and the United Nations. As perceived by critics, the problem is that unelected bureaucrats are now sometimes able to impose policies on the democratically elected governments of nation-states, thereby undermining the sovereignty of those states. In this manner, claim critics, the ability of the nation-state to control its own destiny is being limited. The World Trade Organization is a favorite target of those who attack the world's headlong rush toward a global economy. The WTO was founded in 1994 to police the world trading system established by the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). The WTO arbitrates trade disputes between the 120 or so nation-states that have signed the GATT. The WTO arbitration panel can issue a ruling instructing a member state to change trade policies that violate GATT regulations. If the violator refuses to comply with the ruling, the WTO allows other states to impose appropriate trade sanctions on the transgressor. As a result, according to one prominent critic, the U. S. environmentalist and consumer rights advocate Ralph Nader: In contrast to Nader's inflammatory rhetoric, many economists and politicians maintain that the power of supranational organizations such as the WTO is limited to what nation-states collectively agree to grant. They argue that bodies such as the United Nations and the WTO exist to serve the collective interests of member states, not to subvert those interests. Moreover, supporters of supranational organizations point out that in reality, the power of these bodies rests largely on their ability to persuade member states to follow a certain course of action. If these bodies fail to serve the collective interests of member states, those states will withdraw their support, and the supranational organization will quickly collapse. In this view, then, real power still resides with individual nation-states, not supranational organizations.

Memorandum of Points and Authorities AKA Trail Court Brief Essay

Memorandum of Points and Authorities AKA Trail Court Brief - Essay Example STATEMENT OF CASE Marco Velasco, the DEFENDANT, of legal age, running with friends within the vicinity of San Diego Middle School was apprehended by authorities after they have ran inside and then exited of the SDMS campus with various items in their hands. Defendant was holding a glass vase, while the rest held a bottom of a lamp, a chair leg, and a candlestick. That the four teenagers were seen by campus security officers Miguel Martinez and Marvin DaSilvia on said vicinity. It so happened that Martinez recalled that defendant was a member of a gang and also attended San Diego Middle School. The security officers overheard one of the teenagers in the group of defendant shout, â€Å"He’s over there!† Subsequently, the campus security officers yelled to the group to â€Å"Stop!† several times but the group of defendant continued running until they went towards the exit of the campus, of which they were subsequently apprehended by Officer Jael Waddle. In the proce ss, the glass vase held by defendant was confiscated and used as evidence to press charges against defendant in violation of section 12024 of the US Penal Code, specifically possession of deadly weapon. The arresting officers, however, failed to secure search warrant for possession of deadly weapons for defendant prior to arrest. This, in the assumption that defendant was a violent person who was about to assault a person with the â€Å"deadly weapon† glass vase. Defendant was illegally arrested and his possession confiscated without probable cause. ARGUMENT THE COURT SHOULD REVERSE DECICION TO DETAIN DEFENDANT FOR VIOLATION OF PENAL CODE 12024 DUE TO ILLEGAL ARREST AND LACK OF PROBABLE CAUSE. Defendant Marco Velasco, charged with felony for single count of violation of section 12024 of the United States Penal Code, contends that the trial court erred in finding sufficient probable cause to justify his arrest. As a result, the glass vase held by Defendant during his arrest wr ongly assumed as a deadly weapon used against defendant, should have been suppressed. A. Defendant Was Illegally Detained Although defendant was immediately arrested upon apprehension and was never actually detained for investigative purposes, defendant submits that there lacks sufficient cause to justify lawful detention. This fact is important because after defendant’s illegal detention and arrest, he was charged with violation of California Penal Code Section 12024. Arrest and detention is lawful if the circumstances known or apparent to the officer includes specific articulable facts for the officer to suspect any criminal activity is happening and the person he intends to arrest is involved in that criminal activity (Tony C [1978] 21 Cal.3d 888, 890). In Brown v. Texas (1979, 443 U.S. 47), it was stated that, â€Å"†¦intrusion on interests prohibited by the Fourth Amendment and requires a reasonable suspicion based on articulable facts relating to the person or his or her conduct in order to be lawful,† in consideration of alleging that a glass vase on defendant’s possession was a deadly weapon. The Fourth Amendment protects the right of the people to be secure in their persons, house, papers, and effects, against

Hospitality Operations Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Hospitality Operations Management - Essay Example In this regard we have selected tourism as our topic. In our report we would also highlight the reason why we have selected tourism as our core hospitality feature. In our study we will use secondary sources to gather our data and based on the gathered data we will reach our conclusions. Hospitality industry is a well-researched topic, and we have plenty of credible sources which can assist us in better research of the discussion questions. We will start with a brief introduction of hospitality industry and the vast services that are a part of it; further we will also give a brief introduction of tourism industry. After the introduction we will discuss and analyze our core topic and would elaborate on few of the main influential decision in the business development process for the tourism industry and how they can be eliminated to achieve the desired optimal results. We will further substantiate our discussion question with examples of various geographical regions. Once we have elaborated on the issues and discussed the solutions we would conclude our topic with the research analysis and findings. Hospitality industry is field of service industry and includes a large range of customer services such as event management, transportation, tourism and many others. The core concept behind hospitality industry is customer service which is shared by all the sub-segments of the industry. The three core categories of hospitality industry are food and beverages; this is the biggest segment of the industry and takes into account food places from the most expansive to the least (Reynolds, 2014). These also include the sub-chains which are open as facilitation to other units i.e. shopping plaza. The second part of the hospitality industry is accommodation; these include hotels, and other places offering lodging facility. These are the facilities provided by different lodging units. The third and final category of hospitality industry is travel and tourism. These

Southeast Asian in the US Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Southeast Asian in the US - Essay Example It is important to understand the term Secondary Migration because it clearly defines why a South East Asian parentage child would consider himself purely American instead of a product of what they commonly term â€Å"the old world† of their parents. Midway to nowhere on the other hand, defines the state of mind that a refugee who fled his homeland in a panic oftentimes has. Refugees in this state of mind arrive in their country or place of asylum without any concrete plans and is forced to choose among three choices for his future. The first choice is to return home. Second, remain where he landed in his quest for asylum. Or third, Accept the offer of other countries for refuge in his quest for asylum. All these choices face a person who left his land without any solid plans except to survive which is he, later on in his life, sometimes exhibits regret in his final decision. This is an experience usually shared by the Viet refugees in America. It is a decision that has them always thinking about the old world and sometimes, sees them taking the secondary migration family members back to their country of roots in order to relive their past

How Has Professional Learning Changed and Why Essay

How Has Professional Learning Changed and Why - Essay Example It is very important to change the professional learning pattern with the passage of time to compete in the challenging world. In other words, learning is no more just a word; it is associated with real life experiences, case studies and practical exposure which improve the process of learning. Professional learning has transcended beyond the traditional learning processes of merely classroom learning and in recent times the aspect professional community has taken a centre stage. Professional learning community provides an opportunity to augment staff development related approach (SEDL, 2012). The objective of this paper is to explore professional development for New Times and to put light on the area of professional learning, its changing patterns and the reasons for its changing pattern. There are various issues, contradictions and dilemmas which would be considered while attaining the objective of the essay. The Issues In HERDSA International Conference, there will be many issues discussed regarding the learning process. The conference will be held mainly to focus on creating and maintaining peer connections, for establishing community links, enriching the interdisciplinary connections, linking the students for success and connecting them with research. The main subject matter of HERDSA International Conference is connections in Higher Education, which is one of the important fundamentals for professional learning. In has been observed that higher education has altered significantly in recent times with relevant changes in policies, leadership, research approach and student outcomes that are followed to make the education process more pertinent to Vocational Education and Training (VET) sector. Certain steps that are followed in altered process of higher education include sustaining as well as creating peer connections, emphasizing on community based connections in learning and focusing on interdisciplinary connections among others. Therefore, in order to as sess the significance of these issues further in professional learning the conference is conducted specially for leaders, researchers, students, policy makers and teachers who are associated in higher education sector (Conference Design Pty Ltd, 2012). Professional learning process engages the professional development for the enhancement of skills and knowledge. The ‘Australian Flexible Learning Framework’ has made a commitment towards for maintaining and developing vocational education along with training for the professionals. The endeavor behind this is to keep on side by side with changing technological approach in the field of professional learning. The framework has been prepared keeping in consideration the ongoing and upcoming developments in the resources, research along with ideas. World has changed dramatically in terms of innovation and process. The computer and internet have become key components of present day world and people have to develop themselves in order to compete in this world. E-learning has become a part of professional learning. Therefore, it would not be wrong to suggest that learning has changed from a traditional concept to a modern concept (Commonwealth of Australia, 2005). TAFE Development Centre (TDC) is one of the leading vocational educational and training workforce development initiatives. The main area of service includes both public and private sector. TDC mainly customizes learning course and it also

Competitive Advantage. The strengths and weaknesses of The Cheesecake Essay

Competitive Advantage. The strengths and weaknesses of The Cheesecake Factory - Essay Example The company has developed a brand for itself owing to various recognitions that it has received for delivering quality services to the customers ([1] The Cheesecake Factory, 2013). With the changing nature of business environment, competition has become quite fierce among the companies. As there lay numerous companies that deal with similar products in the business markets, customers have utmost number of choices for themselves to make. This vital aspect eventually forces the companies to enhance their competitiveness and gain a unique reputation for themselves. 1. Explain the Restaurant's Strengths and Weaknesses, and Justify Your Explanation Strengths of the Cheesecake Factory The Cheesecake Factory has several strengths that differentiate itself from other companies in terms of maintaining long-term sustainable operation over the years. Among the major strengths of the company, its recognition as a quality product or service provider is the prime one. It has been noted that the company has received several noteworthy awards for conducting effective business practices and the quality products or services that it delivered to the customers. A few of the awards received by the company include ‘2012 Nation’s Restaurant News Menu Masters Award for â€Å"Healthful Innovations’, ‘2010 Zagat Survey - Best Desserts and Best Salads’ and ‘2007 Zagat Survey "Most Popular Restaurant, Southern California & San Francisco"’ among others.... News Menu Masters Award for â€Å"Healthful Innovations’, ‘2010 Zagat Survey - Best Desserts and Best Salads’ and ‘2007 Zagat Survey "Most Popular Restaurant, Southern California & San Francisco"’ among others. All these awards signify the extent of satisfaction that it provided to the customers through deliverance of quality product or services. This aspect might work better towards enhancing the brand image of the company in the coming years. The other strength of the company which differentiates itself from others is its specialization in dessert product line. This aspect may enable the company to change or develop its food line in accordance with the changing needs and taste preferences of the customers. Additionally, this diversified approach of presenting itself might further influence the customers to visit the stores of the company frequently and try something new every time. Apart from this, the other strength of the company can be viewed is its personal website which is quite easy to use and interactive wherein customers are able to find maximum information about the products or services that they require ([2] The Cheesecake Factory, 2013). Weaknesses Certain unfavorable aspects associated with the company impose unfavorable impact upon its overall business along with operational performance by a certain degree. In this context, one of the major weaknesses of the company can be apparently observed is the ideals, mission and vision that are quite reluctant to change in accordance with the changing nature of the business market. Since every market has its own need and nature, strategies of the company should need to be developed accordingly. Moreover, another weakness of the company is its lack of advertising. The company will need to remain much aware

International Financial Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 2

International Financial Management - Essay Example veral risks associated with the social, economical and political characters of the country, in which the investment is proposed to be made, as these will have a direct bearing on the growth and profitability of the firm concerned. Hence the firm should undertake a comprehensive analysis of all the related issues and decide on the investment. In the given instance the company JMC Plc is considering an investment proposal to produce and market sportswear in Egypt. This paper envisages presenting a detailed report on the country risk analysis of Egypt with respect to the proposed investment and also the economic arguments for and against the foreign direct investments from different standpoints. The purpose of the Country Risk Analysis report is to provide an in-depth critical information and analysis on the trade environment in the different countries. The risk factors associated with a country may be analysed in terms of its: â€Å"The political environment is characterised by an extremely  strong executive and many areas, such as interior, defence, and justice, are outside parliamentary review and control.† Business Anti-Corruption Portal Though the government run by Hosni Mubarak appears to be stable, there is an all round inefficiency crept in the judicial and public service sectors. This shows a negative outlook for the proposed investment in the country. In general redundant labour has led to low marginal productivity. This has also caused overlapping job responsibilities which raises the cost of conducting the business to the producers and the investors. Business Anti- Corruption Portal reports â€Å"Businesses are likely to encounter corruption in meetings with public offices, as officials in various government departments are known for bribery, embezzlement and tampering with official documents. On average, companies report to spend 8 % of sales on unofficial  payments to get things done.  For example, 27 % of companies claim that tax  inspectors expect gifts

Biotech Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Biotech - Case Study Example At the beginning of my lessons, I learnt that biotechnology involves the utilization of bioprocesses and living organisms in medicine, technology and engineering. This knowledge shook my lay knowledge of what the term means. I realized that the chief objective of biotech was the modification of the organism in order to fulfill human needs and purposes (Jefferis 47). The application of technical and scientific advances in the development of products is the entire business of biotech. It is imperative to note that biotech does not only draw its entire knowledge from pure biological sciences, but also from information technology, chemical engineering and bio-robotics. I was amazed to realize the numerous fields that biotech finds useful applicability, and this paper will shift its focus to provide a brief overview and highlight these uses. The initial applicability of biotech is in the field of medicine. Although I had a faint clue that biotech was useful in medicine, I was not sure how the two fields were connected. Therefore, I took a keen interest in lessons; the lessons revealed that biotech was the pillar of pharmacogenomics and the synthesis of pharmaceutical products, which can be regarded as essential in medicine (Jefferis 50). Further, biotech solves issues that arise from genetics testing, and it is used to settle cases that involve identity and parenting disagreements. Furthermore, biotech holds the lifeline for gene therapy and cloning; the latter is widely applied to create clones that donate organs to people, prolonging their life. The world faces the danger of food crisis as a result of rapid growth of the population; the rate of population growth beats the capacity of the planet to produce subsistence. Further, pest and crop diseases result to crop failure, not forgetting erratic, unfavorable weather conditions. Biotech stepped in to address the issues that face agriculture. In agriculture, Biotechnology is applied to improve crop yields in a remar kable way; this ensures plenty of yields from a small area of land. I was able to understand how biotech has facilitated the development of drought resistant and pest resistant crops (Jefferis 56). These crops were well advanced that they could withstand environmental stresses, and give yields that have advanced nutritional qualities. Further, biotech has enabled scientists to minimize pesticide and fertilizer dependency. As such, the crops that grow under this technology can be altered to produce plenty of substances that tend to be novel. Livestock breeding and cross breeding has strong associations with biotechnology; it facilitates the production of high producing animals, which are also resistance to diseases and parasites. Furthermore, I learnt how bioremediation facilitates a safe way of reclaiming an environment that has been contaminated through developing organisms that clean up the mess. These organisms do not have negative impacts on the environment. Further, biodegradat ion is extremely significant in decomposing wastes to allow release of humus (Jefferis 62). This process is essential in enhancing the flow of the energy cycle. This technology allows the development of strains of bacteria, which attack wastes and allow for more disposals. The above knowledge was extremely helpful to me because it opened my eyes and my brain to plenty of knowledge, which I had taken for granted for a long

The Role of Leaders in Criminal Justice Essay Example for Free

The Role of Leaders in Criminal Justice Essay Criminal justice is a system in which legislations and organizations are enacted to maintain social order and punish violators of the law. It is a field of criminology involving the study of crime including causes, criminal behavior and other aspects of it (Nuocleous, 2004, pp 93-94). It is composed of law enforcement, courts and corrections. Although criminal justice is inclined more into the legislative body, leaders in its role in governance, contributes greatly in prevention of crime. Leaders should be empowered in order to administer justice to prevent crime (Tshehla, 2005, p 1). However, given this important role of leaders in crime prevention, there are organizational conflicts between or among municipalities or amongst the people themselves. An example of this is the conflict that usually arises between a community leader and his local councilor for instance. This usually happens because of the overlapping roles in the absence of concrete guidelines that will distinguish the tasks that one must undertake. Because of this, the two parties see each other as a constant hindrance in undertaking their jobs. This also mainly causes leaders to be hesitant in getting themselves involved in the operational and technical side of crime prevention (Tshehla, 2005, pp 3-6). Given the importance of both parties in the effectiveness of crime prevention, leaders and their legislative counterparts should have a clear understanding of the roles that they are ought to play to be able to efficiently cater to the needs of the community that they are serving. Communication among leaders, their legislative counterparts and the police sector must first and foremost be given adequate importance to become effective law enforcers. References: Neocleous, Mark (2004). Fabricating Social Order: A Critical History of Police Power. London: Pluto Press, ISBN. Tshehla, Boyane. 2005. Traditional leaders’ role in justice and crime prevention. Published for Institute for Security Studies.

Corporate Governance And Ethics Practice

Corporate Governance And Ethics Practice This report looks at the differences of the sustainability report for year 2011 of the two companies that from the same automotive industry and based in different countries. The first company is a Volkswagen Group, which is a German multinational automotive manufacturing company based in Wolfsburg and founded in 1937. The area served of Volkswagen Group is worldwide and it produced almost 8.5 million vehicles in year 2011. It is one of the worlds leading motor automobile manufacturers and has kept the largest market share in Europe for over 20 years (Wikipedia, 2012). The second company is a Mazda Motor Corporation, which is the Japanese automotive manufacturer headquartered in Fuchu Aki Hiroshima and founded in 1920. The area served of Mazda Motor Corporation is worldwide and it produced almost 1.3 million vehicles for global sales in 2007 (Wikipedia, 2012). Are all the car manufacturers harmful to society and environment? Based on these two firms sustainability reporting, both firms have revealed that they are taking their corporate social responsibility seriously which will audit and measure their activities, and putting money into green research. The two automotive companies, of course, have to comply with toughening fuel economy regulations reduce the impact of global warming and be more compliant because there is an increasing market demand that new generation of consumers are looking at fuel economy and sustainability mobility for making decision for what they buy. For fuel economy regulations, according to (Feng Amanda, 2004) in their report for Pew Center on Global Climate Change that the European Union (EU) and Japan have the most stringent standard for requirement for gasoline new passenger car fuel efficiencies as shown in their report. For the purposes of this assignment, the focus will be on sets out the differences between the reports of the two companies on in terms of the range of issues dealt with in the reports and the depth of the coverage; explains to the differences between the two reports in terms of country factors; assesses the quality of the reporting in terms of Zadeks (1997) criteria (i.e. inclusivity, comparability, completeness, evolution, management policies and systems, disclosure, external verification, and continuous improvement); evaluates the extent to which it would be appropriate for the two companies to use a standardized approach; and makes recommendations about how each of the reports could be improved and why. DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE TWO REPORTS IN TERMS OF THE RANGE OF ISSUES DEALTH WITH IN THE REPORTS AND THE DEPTH OF THE COVERAGE The sustainability reports of these two automakers have look into consideration of ESG criteria (Environmental, social and corporate governance) and making major strides in these similar sustainability issues: Management Approach; Corporate Governance and Ethics Practice; Environmental Protection; Product Quality and Safety; Workplace Practice; Human Rights; and Community Practice. In terms of reporting structure, Volkswagen Group had divided the report to eight chapters, which are strategy, economy, society, CSR projects worldwide, sustainability mobility, environment, key indicators/figures, and back-up. On the contrary, Mazda Corporate had identified the six chapters, which are Mazda CSR, management, environmental protection, social contributions, customer satisfaction, and respect for people. The next few paragraphs of this report will looks at the coverage of the issues dealt in these chapters and the differences between the two sustainability reports. Management Approach At Strategy chapter, Volkswagen Group had disclosed the management approach on CSR strategy in eight pages that covered company new sustainability objectives, development of top class team, sustainability requirements for suppliers, management approach to the sustainability mobility, sustainability management of corporate social responsibility, stakeholder dialogue, global compact, cooperation with Biodiversity Conservation Union (NABU), and the compliance to corporate code of conduct. Whereas Mazda Corporate had disclosed their approach of CSR strategy in the chapter of Mazda CSR in seven pages that covered corporate vision, CSR operations, external evaluation of CSR, awards, rising of employee awareness, stakeholders communication, shareholders and investor relations initiatives and dialogue. Set-aside the unstandardized of reporting structure, Volkswagen Group had disclosed the basis of information on its stakeholder dialogue program, but had not follow Mazda Corporate to disclose information on how company engages with each key stakeholders that with a full page table of Mazda group key responsibilities to stakeholders and opportunities for dialogue and disclosure. Corporate Governance and Ethics Practice At Economy chapter, Volkswagen Group had covered this chapter in seven topics, which are customer satisfaction, sustainability in suppliers relations, economic stability, raw material, localization, risk management, and compliance. On the contrary, Mazda Corporate covered this in two chapters with total of seven topics, which are corporate governance, internal controls, risk management, compliance, implementing CSR in the value chain, and customer satisfaction. At Customer Satisfaction topic, Volkswagen Group identified customer satisfaction as a key indicator of how well product developments and model facelifts cater to the needs of stakeholders, and focuses on market studies, complaint handling, and meets customer wishes. Mazda had covered this topic with extensive information on safety approach from three viewpoints of vehicles, people, and roads and infrastructure, with details information in safety technologies to explain how safety can be achieved. Additionally Mazda also covered extensive information in the four pillars that how the company can increase customer satisfaction, which are creating appealing products, improving product quality, improving customer satisfaction in sales, and improving the quality of after-sales service. At Sustainability in Suppliers Relations topic, Volkswagen Group had explained the system was built on four pillars which are sustainability requirements for suppliers before submitting quotes, an early warning system for minimizing risk, a transparent procurement process, and supplier monitoring and development process. On the contrary, Mazda had covered clearer information that outline on the Mazda supplier CSR guidelines, major channels of communication with supplier, evaluating and recognizing suppliers, measurement and quality improvement program for local suppliers. At Economic Stability topic, Volkswagen looked at global economic competition and stability; the company recognized the effort that to help in global economic is to achieve sustainable success by taking more responsibility for the environment and for social developments. This topic not covered by Mazda. At Raw Material topic, Volkswagen Group had revealed the secure and economic supplies of raw materials program, which contains corporate analysis system and regularly engages in dialogue with the Extractive Industries Transparencies Initiative (EITI) to identify risk of corruption. This topic not covered by Mazda. At Localization topic, Volkswagen Group had covered the implementation of systematic localization that had proven not only benefits in logistical but commercially and generates growth in the respective regions at new Volkswagen plan. This topic is not cover by Mazda. At Risk Management topic, Volkswagen Group had disclosed information on its risk management programs briefly. As a comparison, Mazda had enclosed more information on risk management policy, action guidelines, and methods of implementing, and the scopes of application. At Compliance topic, Volkswagen had outlined its compliance effort to keep in line with Germane Corporate Governance Code, which is core compliance teams were appointed, annually evaluation of compliance activities, anti-trust legislation matters, and corruption measurement. On the contrary, Mazda had revealed extensive information on corporate governance framework diagram that help in better understanding of company effort in dealing with management issues and how company boost transparency of management with board of corporate auditors. Also Mazda had covered internal controls topic that not by Volkswagen Group, which is disclosed its own self-examination of internal controls framework that having a department to support internal controls. Workplace Practice, Human Rights and Community Practice At Society and CSR Projects Worldwide chapter, Volkswagen Group had covered three ethic issues here, which are Workplace Practice, Human Rights and Community Practice. There are three topics covered, which are employment, reward and profit sharing system, AUTOUNI institution, Volkswagen way, employee opinion survey, ideal management, training and skills development, demographic change, advancing women and promoting diversity, social responsibility, and reveals on CSR projects worldwide. On the contrary, Mazda Corporation had covered in eight topics, which are social contribution framework, major activities in Japan and overseas, human development resolving around the principles of the Mazda Way, employee choice of self-realization, promoting work-life balance, advancing women and promoting diversity, reward and profit sharing system, and respect for human rights. As a comparison, Mazda had included a great data in the same page to explain their measurement and how Mazda achieve the g oals. Environmental Protection and Sustainability In terms of environmental protection and sustainability issue, these two companies had revealed their strategies in similar structure and topics, as shown in the table 1 below. The major differences between the two reports are Mazda had disclosed an impressive Mazda Green Plan 2020 Mid-Term Environmental Plan and clear data within the topic that help in understanding the topic. Both companies had covered good information on how they promote in climate protection, and the coverage are CO2 emissions reduction for automobile, energy supply strategy, environment factory, efficient production, environmental technology, green IT, and green logistics. Table 1: Comparing the coverage of environmental protection and sustainability issue: Volkswagen Group Mazda Corporation Environmental Management Mazda Approach to the Environment This is not cover by Volkswagen. Green Plan 2020 Mid-Term Environmental Efficient Powertrains and Fuels Developing New SKYACTIV Technology Electro-mobility Making Environmentally Friendly vehicles Resource Efficient Recycling and Resource Conservation Biodiversity Management and Reduction of substances Water Preventing Air and Water Pollution This is not cover by Volkswagen. Environmental Communication Climate Protection Prevention of Global Warming This is not cover by Volkswagen. Environmental Communication This is not cover by Volkswagen. Activities and Impact on the environment DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE TWO REPORTS IN TERMS OF COUNTRY OR INDUSTRY FACTORS The effects of the Great East Japan Earthquake in year 2011 has influenced on how Mazda Corporate structured and produced their sustainability reporting. The word earthquake had appeared 25 times in the sustainability report. The top message of chairman of the board has included a paragraph to express company sympathies and condolences message. The paragraph explained how company makes a concerted effort to establish their ethical strategies, and deploy response plan into action to contribute in recovery for the areas affected by earthquake. The details of support activities for the recovery of stricken regions have presented in this formal report. The report also reveals the damage to Mazda group that Hiroshima Plant and Hofu Plant where forced to suspend operations temporary due to inability to obtain certain parts, and Mazda moved to weekly days off from Saturday and Sunday to Thursday and Friday during the summer period in accordance with the policy of the Japan Automobile Manufa cturers Association to reduce electricity consumption. For CSR strategy, Mazda Corporate evaluates its CSR strategy referencing to the Charter of Corporate Behavior issued by the Japan Business Federation (Nippon Keidanren, 2004), and structure the table of contents of the sustainability report on these areas of Environmental Protection, Customer Satisfaction, Respect for People, Social Contributions, and Management (Compliance and Information Disclosure). Whereas Volkswagen Group has referencing their CSR strategy with EU Strategy 2011-14 (European Trade Union Confederation ETUC, 2011) and structure the table of contents in these areas of Strategy, Economy, Society, CSR Projects Worldwide, Sustainability Mobility, Environment, Key Indicators, and Back-up. In terms of code of ethics, Volkswagen Group has paragraph their compliance report in line with the German Corporate Governance Code, aside of Volkswagen corporate ethics codes of conduct. Per required by section 161 of the Aktiengesetz (AktG German Stock Corporation Act), an annual of conformity with the German Corporate Governance Code has issued by the Board of Management and the supervisory Board of Volkswagen AG on November 18, 2011 (Volkswagen, n.d.). Whereas Mazda Corporation has outlined their five principles of Mazda corporate ethics code of conduct. THE QUALITY OF THE REPORTING IN TERMS OF ZADEKs (1997) CRITERIA This paragraph looks at the quality of the reporting in terms of ZADEK et al.s (1997) eight principles of quality in social accounting. To what extend the reporting of two companies conforms to and contributes to the best practice. The eight issues are Inclusivity, Comparability, Completeness, Evolution, Management policies and systems, Disclosure, External verification, and Continuous Improvement. Inclusivity AAA Comparability AAA Completeness AAA Evolution AAA Management policies and systems AAA External verification AAA Continuous Improvement AAA THE EXTENT TO WHICH IT WOULD BE APPROPRIATE FOR THE TWO COMPANIES TO USE A STANDARDISED APPROACH Currently the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) framework, version 3.1, is the most widely used standardized sustainability reporting framework in the world (Wikipedia, 2012). The two companies have adopted the GRI framework as a reference to compile their reports. However both companies reports are not prepared exactly according to GRI guidelines and structure. Should two companies have to use a standardized approach for their sustainability reports that will exactly according to a GRI framework, so that it is helpful for reader to navigate the report, finding specific information, and easier to compare data among similar companies. Or should companies are recommended to be selective or focus primary that are most relevant to their business. To what extent that it would be appropriate for the two companies to use a standardized approach? It is not possible for the two companies to presence their data in sustainability reporting exactly the same structure and templates because each company is having their own reporting tools, data and context. However it is possible that the two companies to disclose and to measure of the extent to GRI Guideline Content Indexes. However as per Crane Matten (2010, p. 219) recognized that there is an issue with GRI which GRI has been criticized is its concern only with establishing procedures for voluntary reporting, rather than having an explicit aim to promote mandatory reporting. So it is not a regulation that company must follow the same GRI framework rules to prepare company sustainability report. Every company is free to determine its own data according to rules of its own choosing, and there is no performance or penalty at all. The new GRI fourth generation is now in development. It is an opportunity for the GRI seeking input from worldwide into development of the new standard which cater all the possible gaps in standardized approach. With the new G4 GRI standard it should improve on content in the current guidelines that could possibility encourage companies to use a standardized approach. THE RECOMMENDATIONS ABOUT HOW EACH OF THE REPORTS COULD BE IMPROVED AND WHY GRI Content Index Mazda Corporation could improve their sustainability report by including a comparative table with GRI content indexes that disclose all items in the report at each rows of GRI content index. On the contrary, Volkswagen Group had included the GRI content index but the reference column that contains page number can be confused to some readers and might be pointing to the wrong topic. The comparative table with GRI content index could provides an objective to measure whether all the elements in GRI guidelines have been applied in the report. It is definitely helpful for reader to find specific information and to compare data among similar industry. The sample of comparative table with GRI content index has shown below. Table 2: The Sample of Comparative Table with GRI content index (G3.1): Item GRI Content Volkswagen Group Mazda Corporation Strategy and Analysis 1.1 Statement from the most senior decision maker -Responsibilities increase with commercial success (Page 6-7) -Top Message (Page 5-6) 1.2 Key Impacts, risks -Responsibilities increase with commercial success (Page 6-7) -Responsibilities (Page 10-19) -Compliance (Page 28-29) -Top Message (Page 5-6) -Management (Page 21-22) Organization Profile 2.1 Name of the organization Page 1, 3 Page 1-2 GRI Content Index Mazda Corporation. CONCLUSION Reporting on sustainability performance is an important way for organizations to manage their impact on sustainable development. The challenges of sustainable development are many, and it is widely accepted that organizations have not only a responsibility but also a great ability to exert positive change on the state of the worlds economy, and environmental and social conditions. Reporting leads to improved sustainable development outcomes because it allows organizations to measure, track, and improve their performance on specific issues. Organizations are much more likely to effectively manage an issue that they can measure. By taking a proactive role to collect, analyze, and report those steps taken by the organization to reduce potential business risk, companies can remain in control of the message they want delivered to its shareholders. Public pressure has proven to be a successful method for promoting Transparency (behavior) and disclosure of greenhouse gas emissions and social responsibilities. As well as helping organizations manage their impacts, sustainability reporting promotes transparency and accountability. This is because an organization discloses information in the public domain. In doing so, stakeholders (people affected by or interested in an organizations operations) can track an organizations performance on broad themes such as environmental performance or a particular issue such as labor conditions in factories. Performance can be monitored year on year or can be compared to other similar organizations. (2704 words) (References/bibliography on the next page)

Physics Essay -- Steer Wrestling Science Papers

Physics You can find a law of physics in everything that you do. It does not matter if you are doing complex scientific experiments, working as a laborer in a field, or enjoying your favorite pastime, you are involved in putting the laws of physics to work. I will try to demonstrate this as I discuss the laws of physics that are involved in my favorite pastime, which is steer wrestling. The art of steer wrestling is complex and simple all at the same time. To start, let’s define what exactly steer wrestling is. Steer wrestling is a rodeo event that is also known as bull dogging. This is the event where there are two mounted cowboys that run along the side of a steer. When they get close to the steer the cowboy on the left hand side climbs off onto the back of the steer, grabbing the steer by the horns. Keep in mind if you will that both the cowboys on the horses and the steer are running at full speeds while this dismounting is taking place. Once the cowboy has the steer by the horns, the cowboy must change the steer’s direction and wrestle him to the ground. Since this is a rodeo event and a competition, you have to do all of the above as fast as you can. Steer wrestling is a timed event that is started when the steer leaves the chute, and ends when the steer is lying on its side with all four feet facing the same direction. Now that we know what steer wrestling is, let’s tie it in with a couple of things that deal with physics. As I already mentioned above, the first step is crawling off of a horse that is running full speed onto the back of a cow that is traveling at its full speed as well. Any time you have masses traveling at speeds you have momentum. We will first discuss momentum and the changes in momentum th... ...ipetal force, and torque are just a couple of the many aspects of physics involved in this process. I believe that the use and understanding of physics can help in understanding why things work better then others, and how to be a more successful steer wrestler. A specific example is the fact that I now am more aware of where I locate my hands on a steer’s horn, and also I am more conscience is trying to be the center of mass. By being able to do this, I have taken my performance to a higher level and can back good ideas with proof from science. Bibliography 1.Kirkpatrick, Larry D. Wheeler, Gerald F. Physics: A World View. (Fourth Edition). Hartcourt, Inc. 2001. 2.Spence, Mike. â€Å"A Cowboy For All Eras† ProRodeo Sports News. 30 April, 2003. 3.Benton Franklin Fair & Rodeo. Steer Wrestling. 20 August, 2002. http://www.bffairrodeo.com/rodeo/steerwrestling.html

Parkinsons Disease: Unraveling the Mystery :: Biology Essays Research Papers

Parkinson's Disease: Unraveling the Mystery Parkinson's disease, which affects over one million Americans, results in the progressive loss of coordination, unstable posture, and tremor (1). In 1817, James Parkinson, after whom the disease was named, was the first to document cases of what he called "the shaking palsy" and in doing so, began the scientific crusade to determine the causes and manifestation of the disease (2). The challenge before neuroscientists was to determine the link between Parkinson's behavior and alterations of the nervous system. This task would be accomplished by employing a system of working backwards - - first determining the gross problem and then attempting to understand it at a neuronal level. The first step in linking changes in the brain to Parkinson's behavior occurred in the early 1900's with autopsies performed on people who suffered from the disease (2). Such procedures revealed significant cell death in the midbrain - - more specifically of pigmented cells that are collectively known as the substantia nigra ("black substance," named for the presence of melanin). Because damage to the substantia nigra resulted in impaired motor control, it was logically hypothesized that this area played a role in the control of movement. With the knowledge that neurotransmitters were the means of communication for the nervous system, autopsy testing in the 1950's of Parkinson's patients showed that dopamine levels in an area adjacent to the substantia nigra, known as the striatum, were only about 10-20% of the levels present in unaffected individuals (3). The parallel of the low level of dopamine and the death of cells of the substantia nigra in Parkinson's patients led scientists to postulate that the substantia nigra produces dopamine. When levels were disrupted due to cell death, this would likely lead to a change in stimulation in this area of the brain, which would produce behavior characteristic of Parkinson's. Anatomical research since then has shown that the substantia nigra is part of the basal ganglia, whose other components include the globus pallidus, subthalamic nucleus, and striatum (3). Through experimentation, a series of nerve signal pathways have been mapped out which help us to understand how this region of the brain functions to control movement. It has been hypothesized that cells of the frontal cortex initiate signals for movement (4). (It was concluded that the basal ganglia does not initiate movement because damage to this area as occurs in Parkinson's still allows for voluntary movement; if it were responsible for its initiation, the damage would likely inhibit voluntary movement.

An Increased Understanding of Neurobiology :: Neurobiology Biology Health Essays

An Increased Understanding of Neurobiology It is a beautiful day outside, the person you care about just told you they feel the same way, you paid all your bills and still have money left over, and you finished all your work on time, yet you are still in a very crabby mood. Or, it is an awful day out, you just failed an exam, you have a ton of work to finish in too little time, and you were just dumped, still you have a feeling of well-being that you cannot change. We have all been there, our emotions seem to have a mind of their own and we do not know why we are feeling what we are feeling. Philosophers, psychologists, and science fiction writers have been debating the usefulness of emotions for centuries, still we continue to experience them and deal with them as part of our existence as human beings. Neurobiologists have preferred to take the tactic of looking at emotions as something we experience, thus something that should be studied. This tactic has led to some interesting evidence in terms of the usefulness of emotion in our everyday life. Some have found that experiencing the variety of feelings that we do might help in our ability to remember things and in learning about the world around us. If it is the case that emotional information does help us when we remember things and learn, then how do emotions work in the brain? There have been found to be some key structures, each playing a role in the way we experience emotions and what kind of moods are experienced. Still, with all of this information, we still have emotions that we cannot explain given our everyday experience. The increased understanding of neurobiology that we have can be used to explain why we feel what we do, even when the external world cannot. It had long been thought that any research into emotion was a waste of good research efforts. There were many reasons for this, but primarily the idea was that emotions were not scientific enough for science. As time and methods have changed, so has that attitude and now emotions are looked at with slightly more respect and less apprehension about their not being rational. (1) This change in attitude has led to people finding that emotions might actually lead to somewhat useful things. An Increased Understanding of Neurobiology :: Neurobiology Biology Health Essays An Increased Understanding of Neurobiology It is a beautiful day outside, the person you care about just told you they feel the same way, you paid all your bills and still have money left over, and you finished all your work on time, yet you are still in a very crabby mood. Or, it is an awful day out, you just failed an exam, you have a ton of work to finish in too little time, and you were just dumped, still you have a feeling of well-being that you cannot change. We have all been there, our emotions seem to have a mind of their own and we do not know why we are feeling what we are feeling. Philosophers, psychologists, and science fiction writers have been debating the usefulness of emotions for centuries, still we continue to experience them and deal with them as part of our existence as human beings. Neurobiologists have preferred to take the tactic of looking at emotions as something we experience, thus something that should be studied. This tactic has led to some interesting evidence in terms of the usefulness of emotion in our everyday life. Some have found that experiencing the variety of feelings that we do might help in our ability to remember things and in learning about the world around us. If it is the case that emotional information does help us when we remember things and learn, then how do emotions work in the brain? There have been found to be some key structures, each playing a role in the way we experience emotions and what kind of moods are experienced. Still, with all of this information, we still have emotions that we cannot explain given our everyday experience. The increased understanding of neurobiology that we have can be used to explain why we feel what we do, even when the external world cannot. It had long been thought that any research into emotion was a waste of good research efforts. There were many reasons for this, but primarily the idea was that emotions were not scientific enough for science. As time and methods have changed, so has that attitude and now emotions are looked at with slightly more respect and less apprehension about their not being rational. (1) This change in attitude has led to people finding that emotions might actually lead to somewhat useful things.

Importance of Books in Life Essay

Learning is a significant process in human being life. It is self-evidence that human development can not stand without a good learning. To reach that target, people always search the appropriate ways. Besides, the mains important elements that help people to learn are books and experiences because of their unlimited benefits. The book is a valuable source of knowledge that consists of infinite benefits. It transports us into different worlds and cultures, as well as, it informs us about ancient civilizations and lore. In addition, it helps us to learn about new technologies and literature. It allows speaking languages fluently and to communicate spontaneously. Therefore, the book can be faithful friend and the nearest into us which can guide us to how to behave in our practical life. Our practical life is also, in addition to books, based on experience. This latter is a crucial element that assists to overcome obstacles. Experience keeps our minds aware of the way to solve some problems, for example, if someone re-confront a problem, it would be easy for him/her to solve it. Experience also could indicate to us the suitable method of living in our life. In conclusion, learning is a strong challenge that requires patience and efforts. Books and experiences are the best manners of learning because of their vast importance and great advantages. Books can play a very important role in shaping our life because we can learn lots of things easily from books. Books provide a great solution in front of us to learn about anything and increase our knowledge level. Therefore, large numbers of people around the world read books because they find them very useful. Books are present in our world from many centuries in different forms and shapes of books are changing with time. Today, we can find books in pdf or audio formats as per the need of people. Though, all these books provide same help by increasing our knowledge levels. People can easily buy books from various book stores available in market or they can use online web stores to order bestselling books. Best Answer – Chosen by Voters The importance of reading books is gaining new insight or perspectives on issues that matter to the reader that helps them to have a new understanding of the world around them. Readers can apply the insight in everyday life or as a way of building upon the knowledge that already encompasses their mind and enrich their lives. The importance of books are also found in how new discoveries pertaining to history are uncovered and/or revealed where the relevance of this the new information needs to be applied or amended in what already exists about a particular issue, topic or event. Thus, â€Å"new† books on existing issues are important because sometimes facts â€Å"change. † Books are a tangible, valuable record of our world. Sure we have the internet and computers with vast amounts of information stored in them but all of history isn’t in a computer. History, the stories of civilations long gone and ancient languages forgotten are somewhere in a book. Books are there so you can learn, imagine and sometimes escape from the world around you. There is nothing like sitting down with a new book, the pages crisp and fresh, and reading about a love story, or a horrible murder. Books are an outlet for many people. For some it is their way of expressing their imagination†¦ writers create so we can read and let our minds take us to a different place, a different time, maybe even a different world. For others, books are an escape. When the world gets to be too crazy and you need to escape you can pick up a book and forget about the world around you. Books enables us to see life through other peoples eyes. People are able to communicate their view of the world to a large audience. Books also enables us to understand other cultures, which in turn enables us to relate better with others. Books can have a profound effect on society and the world because they enable an individual to change the world. A single book by a single author can make a huge difference in the whole world. Think ‘Tuesdays with Morrie’, ‘God has a dream’ and you begin to see the role of books in society and why they are important. Books glue people and cultures together. But unfortunately they can also be used to do just the opposite of the above.

Vehicle Tracking System

Baburao Kodavati, V. K. Raju, S. Srinivasa Rao, A. V. Prabu, T. Appa Rao, Dr. Y. V. Narayana/ International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www. ijera. com Vol. 1, Issue 3, pp. 616-625 GSM AND GPS BASED VEHICLE LOCATION AND TRACKING SYSTEM 1 Baburao Kodavati, 2 V. K. Raju, 3S. Srinivasa Rao, 4A. V. Prabu, 5T. Appa Rao, 6 Dr. Y. V. Narayana 1. Asst. Prof in ECE Dept, 2. Asso. Prof in ECE Dept 3. HOD of ECE Dept 4. Lecturar in AE&IE Dept,5.. Asst. Prof in EE Dept. 6. Principal 1,2,&4,5- Gandhi Institute Of Engg & Technology , Gunupur,Rayagada,Orissa-765022,India 3. IACREC,rayagada,Orissa. . TEC, Jonnalagadda(P), Narasaraopet-522601, Guntur(Dist), A. P. ABSTRACT: A vehicle tracking system combines the installation of an electronic device in a vehicle, or fleet of vehicles, with purpose-designed computer software to enable the owner or a third party to track the vehicle's location, collecting data in the process. Modern vehicle tracking systems co mmonly use Global Positioning System (GPS) technology for locating the vehicle, but other types of automatic vehicle location technology can also be used. Vehicle information can be viewed on electronic maps via the Internet or specialized software.In the main they are easy to steal, and the average motorist has very little knowledge of what it is all about. To avoid this kind of steal we are going to implement a system it provides more security to the vehicle. Existing System: In the previous system security lock and alarm is implemented in a car. If a burglar can break open the lock, then it becomes easy for the burglar to steal the car. And in old security system if the car is stolen then it is out of the owner control. User doesn’t have any awareness about the current location of the vehicle.The Proposed System: The RF transmitter is attached with the vehicle which has its own identification. This data will be continuously transmitted to the RF receiver connected to the m icrocontroller. This GPS will be location the position of vehicle and transmit that data to the microcontroller. Suppose the RF receiver not receiving signal from the transmitting unit, receiver unit send the signal to the microcontroller, from that we can identify the theft. If the vehicle is theft it automatically sends location of the vehicle to its owner as a SMS through GSM modem.This will be a much simpler and low cost technique compared to others. If a password like SMS is sent by the owner, it automatically stops the vehicle Keywords: Global Positioning System (GPS), RF receiver and transmitter, operations and maintenance center (OMC) and Gaussian minimum shift keying (GMSK). 1. INTRODUCTION: GSM and GPS based vehicle location and tracking system will provide effective, real time vehicle location, mapping and reporting this information value and adds by improving the level of service provided.A GPS-based vehicle tracking system will inform where your vehicle is and where it has been, how long it has been. The system uses geographic position and time information from the Global Positioning Satellites. The system has an â€Å"OnBoard Module† which resides in the vehicle to be tracked and a â€Å"Base Station† that monitors data from the various vehicles. The On-Board module consists of GPs receiver, a GSM modem www. ijera. com 616 | P a g e Baburao Kodavati, V. K. Raju, S. Srinivasa Rao, A. V. Prabu, T. Appa Rao, Dr. Y. V. Narayana/ International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www. jera. com Vol. 1, Issue 3, pp. 616-625 1. 1 Vehicle Tracking System: A vehicle tracking system combines the installation of an electronic device in a vehicle, or fleet of vehicles, with purposedesigned computer software at least at one operational base to enable the owner or a third party to track the vehicle's location, collecting data in the process from the field and deliver it to the base of operation. Modern vehicle tracking systems commonly use GPS or GLONASS technology for locating the vehicle, but other types of automatic vehicle location technology can also be used.Vehicle information can be viewed on electronic maps via the Internet or specialized software. Vehicle tracking systems are also popular in consumer vehicles as a theft prevention and retrieval device. Police can simply follow the signal emitted by the tracking system and locate the stolen vehicle. When used as a security system, a Vehicle Tracking System may serve as either an addition to or replacement for a traditional Car alarm. Some vehicle tracking systems make it possible to control vehicle remotely, including block doors or engine in case of emergency.The existence of vehicle tracking device then can be used to reduce the insurance cost. 1. 2 GSM Overview: Special Mobile), Global System for Mobile is the world's most Fig 1. GSM Modem Global system for mobile communication (GSM) is a globally accepted standard for digital cellular communication. GSM is the name of a standardization group established in 1982 to create a common European mobile telephone standard that would formulate specifications for a pan-European mobile cellular radio system operating at 900 MHz. A GSM modem is a wireless modem that works with a GSM wireless network.A wireless modem behaves like a dial-up modem. The main difference between them is that a dial-up modem 2. GSM MODEM: 1. 3 GPS Overview: The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a space-based global navigation satellite system (GNSS) that provides reliable location and time information in all weather and at all times and anywhere on or near the Earth when and where there is an unobstructed line of sight to four or more GPS satellites. It is maintained by the United States government and is freely accessible by anyone with a GPS receiver.The GPS project was started in 1973 to overcome the limitations of previous navigation systems, integrating ideas from several predecessor s, including a number of classified engineering design studies from the 1960s. GPS was created and realized by the U. S. Department of Defense (USDOD) and was originally run with 24 satellites. It became fully operational in 1994. both consumers, who may benefit from the ability to roam and switch carriers without replacing phones, and also to network operators, who can choose equipment from many GSM equipment vendors. Communications or GSM (originally from Groupe opular standard for mobile telephone systems. The GSM Association estimates that 80% of the global mobile market uses the standard. [1] GSM is used by over 1. 5 billion people [2] across more than 212 countries and territories. [3] This ubiquity means that subscribers can use their phones throughout the world, enabled by international roaming arrangements between mobile network operators. GSM differs from its predecessor technologies in that both signaling and speech channels are digital, and thus GSM is considered a secon d generation (2G) mobile phone system. The GSM standard has been an advantage to www. jera. com 617 | P a g e Baburao Kodavati, V. K. Raju, S. Srinivasa Rao, A. V. Prabu, T. Appa Rao, Dr. Y. V. Narayana/ International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www. ijera. com Vol. 1, Issue 3, pp. 616-625 sends and receives data through a fixed telephone line while a wireless modem sends and receives data through radio waves. The working of GSM modem is based on commands, the commands always start with AT (which means ATtention) and finish with a character. For example, the dialing command is ATD; ATD3314629080; here the dialing command ends with semicolon.The AT commands are given to the GSM modem with the help of PC or controller. The GSM modem is serially interfaced with the controller with the help of MAX 232.. 2. 1 Circuit Diagram: GSM system. To achieve the basic definition of a new system a meeting was held in 1982 under the auspices of the Confer ence of European Posts and Telegraphs (CEPT). They formed a study group called the Groupe Special Mobile ( GSM ) to study and develop a pan-European public land mobile system. Several basic criteria that the new cellular technology would have to meet were set down for the new GSM system to meet.These included: good subjective speech quality, low terminal and service cost, support for international roaming, ability to support handheld terminals, support for range of new services and facilities, spectral efficiency, and finally ISDN compatibility. With the levels of under-capacity being projected for the analogue systems, this gave a real sense of urgency to the GSM development. Although decisions about the exact nature of the cellular technology were not taken at an early stage, all parties involved had been working toward a digital system. This decision was finally made in February 1987. This gave a variety of advantages.Greater levels of spectral efficiency could be gained, and in addition to this the use of digital circuitry would allow for higher levels of integration in the circuitry. This in turn would result in cheaper handsets with more features. Nevertheless Fig 2. GSM Modem Circuit Diagram significant hurdles still needed to be overcome. For example, many of the methods for encoding the speech within a sufficiently narrow bandwidth needed to be developed, and this posed a significant risk to the project. Nevertheless the GSM system had been started. Global usage:Originally GSM had been planned as a European system.However the first indication that the success of GSM was spreading further a field occurred when the Australian network provider, Telstra signed the GSM Memorandum of Understanding. New approaches: Neither of these approaches proved to be the long-term solution as cellular technology needed to be more efficient. With the experience gained from the NMT system, showing that it was possible to develop a system across national boundaries, and wi th the political situation in Europe lending itself to international cooperation it was decided to develop a new Pan-European System.Furthermore it was realized that economies of scale would bring significant benefits. This was the beginnings of the www. ijera. com 618 | P a g e Baburao Kodavati, V. K. Raju, S. Srinivasa Rao, A. V. Prabu, T. Appa Rao, Dr. Y. V. Narayana/ International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www. ijera. com Vol. 1, Issue 3, pp. 616-625 Frequencies:Originally it had been intended that GSM would operate on frequencies in the 900 MHz cellular band. In September 1993, the British operator Mercury One-to-One launched a network.Termed DCS 1800 it operated at frequencies in a new 1800 MHz band. By adopting new frequencies new operators and further competition was introduced into the market apart from allowing additional spectrum to be used and further increasing the overall capacity. This trend was followed in many countries , and soon the term DCS 1800 was dropped in favour of calling it GSM as it was purely the same cellular technology but operating on a different frequency band. In view of the higher frequency used the distances the signals travelled was slightly shorter but this was ompensated for by additional base stations. In the USA as well a portion of spectrum at 1900 MHz was allocated for cellular usage in 1994. The licensing body, the FCC, did not legislate which technology should be used, and accordingly this enabled GSM to gain a foothold in the US market. This system was known as PCS 1900 (Personal Communication System) Fig 3. GSM Network Elements The operations and maintenance center (OMC) is connected to all equipment in the switching system GSM provides recommendations, not and to the BSC. The implementation of OMC is called the operation and support system (OSS).The OSS is the functional entity from which the network operator monitors and controls the system. The purpose of OSS is to offer the customer cost-effective support for centralized, regional, and local operational and maintenance activities that are required for a GSM network. An important function of OSS is to provide a network overview and support the maintenance activities of different operation and maintenance organizations. requirements. The GSM specifications define the functions and interface requirements in detail but do not address the hardware.The reason for this is to limit the designers as little as possible but still to make it possible for the operators to buy equipment from different suppliers. The GSM network is divided into three major systems: the switching system (SS), the base station system (BSS), and the operation and support system (OSS). 3. THE GSM NETWORK: www. ijera. com 619 | P a g e Baburao Kodavati, V. K. Raju, S. Srinivasa Rao, A. V. Prabu, T. Appa Rao, Dr. Y. V. Narayana/ International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www. ijera. com Vol. 1, Issue 3, pp. 16-625 SPECIFICATIONS AND CHARACTERISTICS FOR GSM The specifications and characteristics for GSM ? frequency band—The frequency range specified for GSM is 1,850 to 1,990 MHz (mobile station to base station). ? duplex distance—The duplex distance is 80 MHz. Duplex distance is the distance between the uplink and downlink frequencies. A channel has two frequencies, 80 MHz apart. ? channel separation—The separation between adjacent carrier frequencies. In GSM, this is 200 kHz. ? modulation—Modulation is the process of sending a signal by changing the characteristics of a carrier frequency.This is done in GSM via Gaussian minimum shift keying (GMSK). ? transmission rate—GSM is a digital system with an over-the-air bit rate of 270 kbps. ? is used to send the position (Latitude and Longitude) of the vehicle from a remote place. The GPS modem will continuously give the data i. e. the latitude and longitude indicating the position of t he vehicle. The GPS modem gives many parameters as the output, but only the NMEA data coming out is read and displayed on to the LCD. The same data is sent to the mobile at the other end from where the position of the vehicle is demanded.An EEPROM is used to store the mobile number. The hardware interfaces to microcontroller are LCD display, GSM modem and GPS Receiver. The design uses RS-232 protocol modems for serial communication between the and the microcontroller. A serial driver IC is used for converting TTL voltage levels to RS-232 voltage levels. In the main they are easy to steal, and the average motorist has very little knowledge of what it is all about. To avoid this kind of steal we are going to implement this project which provides more security to the vehicle.When the request by user is sent to the number at the modem, the system automatically sends a return reply to that mobile indicating the position of RESULT 4. 1 GSM AND GPS BASED VECHICLE LOCATION AND TRACKING SYST EM Description Present project is designed using 8051 microcontroller in this Project it is proposed to design an embedded system which is used for tracking and positioning of any vehicle by using Global Positioning System (GPS) and Global system for mobile communication (GSM). the vehicle in terms of latitude and longitude from this information we can track our vehicles. 4. APPLICATIONS AND ADVANTAGES 4. . APPLICATIONS ? ? ? Stolen vehicle recovery . Field sevice management. It is used for food delivery and car rental companies. 4. 2 ADVANTAGES: In this project AT89S52 microcontroller is used for interfacing to various hardware peripherals. The current design is an embedded application, which will continuously monitor a moving Vehicle and report the status of the Vehicle on demand. For doing so an AT89S52 microcontroller is interfaced serially to a GSM Modem and GPS Receiver. A GSM modem ? From the remote place we can access the system. ? It provides more security than other system . www. ijera. om 620 | P a g e Baburao Kodavati, V. K. Raju, S. Srinivasa Rao, A. V. Prabu, T. Appa Rao, Dr. Y. V. Narayana/ International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www. ijera. com Vol. 1, Issue 3, pp. 616-625 ? By this we can position the vehicle in exact place. [8] Youjing Cui and Shuzhi Sam Ge,†Autonomous vehicle positioning with GPS in urban canyon environments†, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION, vol. 19, NO. 1, pp 15-25, February 2003. BOOKS REFFERED Adler, R. B. , A. C. Smith, and R. L. Longani: â€Å"Introduction to Semiconductor Physics,† vol. , p. 78, Semiconductor Electronics Education Comitee, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. , New York ,1964. ? Jacob Millman Christos C. Halkias. : â€Å"Electronic Devices And Circuits†, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Ltd. Sep, 2003. ? Schade, O. H. : â€Å"Analysis of Rectifier Operation†, proc. IRE, vol. 31, pp. 341-361, July, 1943. ? Stout, M. B. : â€Å"Analysis of Rectifier Circuits†, Elec. Eng. , vol. 54, September, 1935. ? The 8051 Microcontroller and Embedded Systems using Assembly and C by Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Janice Gillispie, Rolin D. Mckinlay. ? Wireless communication and netwoking – JonW.Mark and Weihua Zhqung,PHI,2005. ? â€Å"Power Electronics† by M D Singh and K B Khanchandan ? â€Å"Linear Integrated Circuits† by D Roy Choudary & Shail Jain WEBSITES: ? http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Sevensegment_display ? http://www. gsm-modem. de/ ? http://www. datasheetsite. com/datasheet/MA X232 ? http://www. rentron. com/rf_remote_control. h tm ? http://www. atmel. com/dyn/resources/prod_d ocuments/doc0401. pdf APPENDIX: SOURCE CODE MAIN SOURCE CODE ? 5. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE Vehicle tracking system is becoming increasingly important in large cities and it is more secured than other systems.Now a days vehicle thefting is rapidly increasing , with this we can have a good control in it. The veh icle can be turned off by only with a simple SMS. Since, now a days the cost of the vehicles are increasing they will not step back to offord it. This setup can be made more interactive by adding a display to show some basic information about the vehicle and also add emergency numbers which can be used in case of emergency. Upgrading this setup is very easy which makes it open to future requirements without the need of rebuilding everything from scratch, which also makes it more efficient.JOURNALS REFFERED: [1] MarkoWolf, AndreWeimerskirch, and ThomasWollinger, â€Å"State of the Art: Embedding security in vehicles†, Journal on Embedded Systems, Volume 2007, Article ID 74706. [2] J. -P. Hubaux, S. C Apkun, and J. Luo, â€Å"The security and privacy of smart vehicles,† IEEE Security & Privacy Magazine, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 49–55, 2004. [3] Alison Brown, JacobGriesbach and Bruce Bockius, â€Å"GPS traking location based service using wrist watch GeoZigBee Sensorsâ € , Proceddings of ION NTM, 2007, Som Diego, pp 1-10, December 2007. [4] W. Stallings, â€Å"Cryptography and Network Security†, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, USA, 4th edition, 2005. 5] Ingrid Verbourwhede, Frank Hoornaert, Joos Vandewalle, Hugo J. Deman â€Å"Security and performance optimization of a new DES†, IEEE Journal on Solid State ciruits, vol. 23, no. 3, pp 647656, 1999. [6] National Institute of Standards & Technology, â€Å"FIPS-46-3: Data Encryption Standard (DES),† October 1977, reaffirmed in October 1999. [7] Sinpyo Hong, Man Hyung Lee, Sun Hong Kwon, and Ho Hwan Chun, â€Å"A Car test for the estimation of GPS/INS alignment errors†, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS, VOL. 5, NO. 3, pp 208-218, SEPTEMBER 2004. #include #include†SERIAL. c† #include†LCD. † sbit rf=P2^0; sbit relay=P0^1; sbit motor=P0^0; unsigned char asc,ok[2],r[4],a,n[15],e[15],i,oxoa, a,m[20],j,temp[10],temp1[10]; void cmdwrt_lcd(unsigned char cmd); void serial_transmit(unsigned char *srstr); void command(unsigned char d[]); void serial_tx(unsigned char srda); www. ijera. com 621 | P a g e Baburao Kodavati, V. K. Raju, S. Srinivasa Rao, A. V. Prabu, T. Appa Rao, Dr. Y. V. Narayana/ International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN: 2248-9622 www. ijera. com Vol. 1, Issue 3, pp. 616-625 void delay1(); void gps() { do { do { oxoa = serial_rx(); }while(oxoa ! = 0x0A); for(i=0;i

A Mentor Essay

In life there is always a person, or role model that you will look up to and admire. A person may admire their role model, or mentor, because of their looks, wit, or even general personality. No matter who you are there is always someone that you attempt to emulate in some way, shape, or form throughout your life. There is no limit to the amount of role models one person can have. There may only be one person whose ideas you look at and agree with whole heartedly, or you may take portions from a vast number of others in order to create your own unique persona, and ideas. For myself, a prominent mentor was my high school Chemistry and Physics teacher, Mr. Robert Hage. I admired my Chemistry teacher not for his thinning white hair, or for that matter any of his looks, other than his always cheerful smile. I instead looked up to him as a mentor due to his unique personality, and his vast intelligence. He had a love for cats, liberal ideals, and sweaters with an odd pattern displayed boldly on the front. Mr. Hage had a great sense of humor, and was an avid musician. These were the reasons that I admired Mr. Hage, because these were planes that I took interest in and that I could learn from him in. In the classroom Robert Hage was what some students would call ‘a perfect teacher’ he was not incredibly strict, he didn’t ever hand out detentions, but instead would make a mockery of the any student that unintelligently disrupted his class, but did so in such a sly, humorous manner, that even the victim of the mockery would be laughing uncontrollably. Robert Hage lived an expansive life that led him though a great number of careers including a Musician, Chemist, Physicist, Author, High School teacher, and finally, a mentor. Through this vast professional history he showed a great passion for everything he had done, and in doing so gained a large amount of knowledge, in which he would pass on to his students. This is what I admired most about Mr. Robert Hage; I admired his knowledge and passion of all things he did. Read more:  Whom I admire  essay In my sophomore year of high school I entered room 211 to go to Chemistry class. I had always enjoyed classes that pertained to a scientific field,  and hoped that Chemistry would come as easily as the other subjects had to me. However, my freshman year the teacher who lectured the Biology class had no interest in the subject she taught and did so half-heartedly; I started to dislike the class. So I was wary about another teacher who just wanted to get through the class more so than teach the students. Needless to say, I was proved wrong, very wrong. The first day of Chemistry class Robert Hage performed a serious of ‘mystifying’ experiments such as lighting Magnesium on fire, which burns with a flame so white it will leave you seeing spots, and placing pure Sodium in a beaker of water, which will combust. Mr. Hage then stated â€Å"For those of you who had doubts coming into this room, Chemistry is fun†. That was all I needed to hear in order to know that this would turn out to be a fortunate turn in events. As the year went on it seemed that my teacher and I had much more in common than I had initially hoped for. I was at an age where I had not yet taken a stance on any real issues but always sat uncomfortably on the fencepost. When I found myself pondering serious life questions, such as religion, he showed me answers through science and that it was perfectly fine not to accept a religion at all as long as you could provide evidence to support your claims. This was a new concept that had never been provided for me, and best of all it wasn’t force fed to me. When I questioned politics he presented the strengths of a liberal standpoint, but all the while letting me know that as long as I could justify my ideas, it was alright to take whatever standpoint I wanted. Although, with every path that was opened, he always told the group in which it was presented to, not to just blindly accept what he said and run with it, but to examine both sides carefully and choose which you thought was the right one. With not only a rekindled interest in science, I was also left with the new interest of rhetoric and debate. With Mr. Hage’s encouragement I joined the high school debate team. When the season came for debate matches to begin; Robert Hage had some more advice for me which was, it is important to know how to argue your side, but more important to know how the opponent will argue theirs, and the best strategy is to beat them with their own words and facts. I will never forget these words, and they are filled with what is in my opinion some of the most valuable wisdom you will hear. Robert Hage played a large role in sculpting my present day personality, and it is because of him that I have developed an everlasting love for music, and am now fluent in playing five different instruments. He is also the reason that I am comfortable with views that may not be shared with a vast majority. Most of all, he is the reason I chose the path in life that I did; he is the reason that I am currently pursuing my majors of the Chemistry and Pre-Medical fields.

The First Part Last

Imagine being a teen adult who has to deal with a baby, go to school, and work. Well, that's what Bobby has to deal with when his girlfriend has a baby and she leaves him. Bobby's experience as a teen adult and teen adults in the media care for and do things differently. Bobby's and the teen adults' lives have changed ever since a baby entered their lives. Nothing will be the same? First of all, Bobby has to take care of the baby all on his own without his spouse, while the teen adults on the media at least have their spouse or family to help them.For example, when Bobby found out that he got Naira pregnancy he was scared at first and shocked. But when his parents found out they told him that they were not going to help. Also, later on, Naira wasn't okay with It so she left Bobby to continue her life. Bobby was all alone with the baby! In addition, Bobby's world turned upside down when the baby came Into his life; as did the teen parents in the media. For Instance, Bobby couldn't do all the cool things he used to do with his friends. His friends didn't care though because they understood his problem.The teen parents In the media will try to do the opposite ND pretend that they never had a baby in the first place. People will do whatever It takes to take care of a baby or Just drop It out of their head like It doesn't even exist. In conclusion, parent, young or old, have babies and those babies are their responsibilities no matter how much It changes your life. Teen parents and Bobby have lives that have changed throughout their life. While teen parents go help from family or their spouse, Bobby only got friends and a babysitter. The moral of Bobby's and the teen parents' stories are to expect the unexpected and be prepared when It comes.

Sony Corporation marketing strategy Research Paper

Sony Corporation marketing strategy - Research Paper Example †¢ At present, the company wants to launch its new product i.e. PlayStation 4 which is the extension of its existing product line †¢ Prior to introducing its new product, the company is required to follow and implement new product development strategy which would facilitate to identify the current market situation, competitors’ performance and changing consumer buying behaviour among others †¢ After analysing marketing mix strategies, it has been observed that the company’s new product possesses a wide variety of innovative features which are quite unique from its competitors, which offer similar kind of products †¢ In terms of pricing strategy, the company will follow the strategies of discounting price, competitive price and psychological pricing in order to attract the target market across the duration from launch to the upcoming five years †¢ Apart from these, the company also would offer trade discounts, seasonal allowances and also offer payment discounts to the consumers who deliver early cash before getting the product †¢ Additionally, the company will adopt certain distribution strategies in order to reach more market coverage for the next five years. Furthermore, it will also adopt certain promotional strategies which would facilitate to increase the sales for the next consecutive five years... Additionally, the company operates under four business segments such as electronics market, game, Motion pictures and music as part of entertainment and financial services. Since the past few years’, the company has continuously attained huge success through its unique business model and by developing effective capabilities that have facilitated the company to deliver innovative products and services as per the market needs (Sony Corporation, 2013). It has been viewed that the company has earned considerable reputation not only in its domestic market but also has attracted international customers through its unique products and services. Moreover, it offers a wide variety of products by emphasising upon different market segments by which the organisation has comprehend the exact needs of the products and services of the target market. Sony delivers electronic products such as LED TV, Smart TV, music system, mobile phones and also various gaming products including PlayStation ( Sony Corporation, 2013). It has been observed that the company has attained core competency particularly in its gaming market segment where it delivers unique gaming experiences along with affordable prices as compared to its rivals. This market segment helps the company to earn huge revenue in the past five fiscal years (Sony Corporation, 2013). The core objective of this study is to present a five year marketing plan for introducing a new product in the gaming segment i.e. PlayStation 4 by considering new product development and marketing mix strategies. Additionally, this discussion also aims to show the company’s new pricing, promotional mix and distribution strategies in order to launch this

How Can the Interactive Approach to Management be Successfully Research Paper

How Can the Interactive Approach to Management be Successfully Implemented in an Organization - Research Paper Example Stage one organizations are small, single-business enterprises managed by one person. The owner-entrepreneur has close daily contact with employees and each phase of operations (Silzer, 2010). Most employees report directly to the owner, who mates all the pertinent decisions regarding mission, objectives, strategy, and daily operations. Implementation of the interactive approach is easy in such an organization because of the number of staff. Stage two organizations differ from Stage I enterprises in one essential aspect: an increased scale and scope of operations force a transition from one-person management to group management. Stage 3 consists of organization whose operations, though concen ­trated in a single field or product line, are scattered over a wide geographical area and large enough to justify having geographically decentralized operating units. These units all report to corporate headquarters and conform to corporate policies, but they are given the flexibility to tailor their units strategic plan to meet the specific needs of each respective geographic area. Ordinarily, each of the geographic operating units of a Stage III Organization is structured along functional lines. Stage one and two organizations have limited communication channels and as such, implementation of the interactive strategy by the management is easy. In stage three organizations, the channels are much more complicated and implementation of this management approach requires a lot of input from the manager and cooperation from the employees. The managers role in the implementation process is in leading and setting the tone, and style of strategy imple ­mentation (Hatum, 2010). There are two ways that the manager can use to implement the interactive management approach: They can opt for an active, visible role or a low-key, behind the scenes role; it will be