Influence of the Roman Theater on Cicero’s Oration Pro Caelia By Essay

Influence of the roman Theater on Ciceros Oration Pro Caelia ByCiceros oration in defense of M. Caelius Rufus shows many substantive and stylistic borrowings from the Roman Theater, particularly the comedies of the 2nd century b.c.e. This would scarcely seem remarkable to Cicero, to employ such devices is only to make use of the tools of his trade, as a practical and practicing rhetorician. In this case using the theater as a framing device to maneuver his audiences response.So too would the judgments and emotions existing in the cultural reservoir of Greco-Roman, or Attic-Latin stage have met his division of purpose as he considered the permanent written speech, he would set down in the wake of the trial, however it was decided. Half a year back from exile and taking a case where he faced by proxy a personal enemy. Cicero wanted a note that would not only sound loudly when struck, however continue to reverberate. His message needed to rise clear of the verdict of the particular case.Cicero was formally trained as a rhetorician - in Athens -at the Academy. To Cicero speaking was an all pervading endeavor. It was speaking to an audience for a purpose. He seems to accept the prevailing Greek definition of oratory as that division of speech concerned with efficacious cases and public debates (Cicero, Orator I 6, 22-23). without seeing it as distinct or separate from other speech as not to involve commonality.In On the Orator I it is debated at one point whether oratory truly involves a comprehensive search for the good, or does the Orator merely use an style of the truth for effectiveness as part of a natural art or learned set of techniques (Cicero, Orator I 10, 42). Crassus somewhat dry retort to Scavola is to observe th... ...pation and eminently transferable in its ability to move and direct the emotions of a audience. This is what we see him putting into practice in the Oration Pro Caelia. whole caboodle Cited In defense of Marcus Caelius Rufus. Pol itical Writings of Cicero. (from the Course Packet)Beacham, Richard C. Later Stages and Stagings. The Roman Theater and its Audience. Cambridge, MA Harvard Univ Press, 1992.Cicero, M. Tullius. On the Orator- book I. Cicero On the Good Life. trans., ed. Michael Grant. Harmondsworth Penguin, 1971.Duckworth, George E. The Nature of Roman Comedy A Study in Popular Entertainment. Princeton Princeton Univ. Press, 1951Nesbit, R.G.M. the Orator and the Reader Manipulation and response in Ciceros fifth Verrin. Author and Audience in Latin Literature. Tony Woodman & Jonathan Powell eds. Cambridge Cambridge Univ. Press, 1992

Deaf Technology :: essays research papers

-TTYTTYs (also called Telecommunication Devices for the Deaf (TDD) and text telephones) argon used for two-way text conversation over a telephone line. They are the primary brute used by deaf people (and some hard of hearing people) for telephone conversation. Other visual telecommunications technologies and services, such as Internet chat and messaging, email, e-paging, and facsimile machine and e-mail are also used in telecommunications by people who are deaf or hard of hearing. -TRSTelecommunications relay services (TRS) provide region telephone users and people who are deaf, hard of hearing, or actors line-disabled to communicate over a regular telephone line. TRS is mandated by the Ameri contributes with Disabilities Act and is regulated by the federal Communications Commission.There build been many new improvements in TRS in the last some(prenominal) years. These improvements give users choices that make TRS calls more natural and functionally eq to voice telephone comm unications.-Video relay serviceUsing a high-speed Internet connection or ISDN, a video connection is established a qualified sign language interpreter relays the conversation with the voice telephone party.-CapTelCaptioned Telephone is a new product of Ultratec, being tested in several states. CapTel is an innovative service in which the operators repeat the words of the hearing party into an automatic speech recognition system for rapid transcription. Voice and data are carried on one line so that the hard of hearing or deaf user can monitor the speech as well as see the transcription. The CapTel phone is set up for dial through so that the user does not need to dial the relay service first.-ASR Automatic speech recognition is the most successful and accurate of these applications. It is currently making a use of a technique called shadowing or sometimes called voicewriting. Rather than have the speakers speech directly transcribed by the system, a hearing person whose speech is we ll-trained to an ASR system repeats the words being spoken. This technique can greatly improve the accuracy of the system compared to direct ASR transcription of speech while that speaker is engaged in conversation or lecturing to a group of people.

Blindness and Sight - Lack of Insight in King Lear :: King Lear essays

King Lear The Theme of Blindness (Lack of Insight) In Shakespeares classic tragedy, King Lear, the issue of sight and its relevance to clear vision is a recurring theme. Shakespeares wizard means of portraying this theme is through the reference works of Lear and Gloucester. Although Lear can physically see, he is blind in the sense that he lacks insight, understanding, and billing. In contrast, Gloucester becomes physically blind merely gains the type of vision that Lear lacks. It is evident from these two characters that clear vision is not derived solely from physical sight. Lears failure to understand this is the principal cause of his demise, while Gloucester learns to execute clear vision, and consequently avoids a fate similar to Lears. Throughout most of King Lear, Lears vision is clouded by his lack of insight. Since he cannot see into different peoples characters, he can never identify them for who they truly are. When Cordelia angers Lear, Kent tries to reason with Lear, who is too stubborn to die hard open-minded. Lear responds to Kents opposition with, Out of my sight, to which Kent responds, See better, Lear, and let me still remain (I.i.160). Here, Lear is saying he never wants to see Kent again, entirely he could never truly see him for who he is. Kent was only trying to do what was best for Lear, but Lear could not see that. Kents vision is not clouded, as is Lears, and he knows that he can remain near Lear as long as he is in disguise. Later, Lears vision is so superficial that the physical garments and simple disguise that Kent wears easily dupe him. Lear cannot see who Kent really is. He only learns of Kents noble and honest character just prior to his death, when his vision is cleared. By this time, however, it is too late for an honest relationship to be salvaged. Lears vision is also marred by his lack of direction in life, and his poor foresight, his inability to predict the consequences of his actions. He cannot look far enoug h into the future to see the consequences of his actions. This, in addition to his lack of insight into early(a) people, condemns his relationship with his most beloved daughter, Cordelia. When Lear asks his daughters who loves him most, he already thinks that Cordelia has the most love for him.

Christianity and Buddhism Differences Essay -- essays research papers

Task one1.CHRISTIANITYMain RitualsThe sacraments are the main rituals, the connections between the sacraments with Catholicism and Orthodox are, Baptism, Holy Eucharist, Matrimony, Holy orders, Extreme emollient and Reconciliation. Many of the sacraments are ignored by the Anglican Church however, Baptism and the Holy Eucharist is widely encouraged.Sacred TextsThe Sacred text of Christianity is the HOLY BIBLE, and this comprises of the old testament, Jewish scriptures and the new testament from Jesuss birth to his death which had his teachings and writings within it. The HOLY BIBLE has the original texts from over 1500 years, including that new writings restrain been discovered this century we havent published those an example would be, The Dead Sea Scrolls.Sacred TimeChristmas being one of the most important time during the year, according to the Liturgical Calender the most important times for a Christian would be Christmas, Easter which occurs in the Easter time/Season, which is during March, April and May. This season start with the First Sunday of Lent, which is carried out until the Pentecost, this time is to reflect on Jesuss life and death, his resurrection and his rising into heaven.Sacred SpaceChristians believe that a set apart place would be their church. Her they go about the worship of God and Jesus, apart from churches services of worship can occur such as The Vatican (Catholicism).Ways of pietyThe Types of paths followers of god may...

Effects Of Creatine Essay -- essays research papers

The Effects of CreatineCreatine has been used in sports throughout time. Athletes prolong always had a fascination with being excellent at what they do. With the banning of steroids from competitive sports and the implementation of random drug testing in more or less sports, most athletes ar still somehow hoping to gain an bank on their competition. This edge that they are using is creatin.In order to understand how creatine works, we must bankrupt what creatine is. Creatine is an energy producing nutrient found in our bodies. It is synthesized from three amino acids arginine, glycine and methionine. These amino acids are primarily found in the liver, pancreas, and kidneys. It is likewise consumed in our everyday diets from fish, meat and other animal products. Creatine is not considered an essential nutrient in our diets.In general, we consume approximately one guanine of creatine per day in our diets (www.healthlink.mcw.edu). Creatine servicings provide the energy our mus cles need to move, especially movements that are quick and explosive. Approximately ninety five percent of the personifys creatine supply is found in the skeletal muscles (www.pacific-nutrition.com). The other five percent is spread throughout the body, but mainly found in the heart, brain and testes. Creatine is easily absorbed from the intestinal tract into the blood stream.Creatine was first discovered in 1832 by a French scientist, Cevreul. In 1847, it was noticed that the meat from foxes killed in the wild had ten times more creatine than meat from inactive foxes. The conclusion from this was that creatine accumulates in muscles due to personal activity. It was discovered in the early twentieth century that not all creatine consumed was excreted in the urine, but in fact, stored in the body. In 1912, researchers found that ingesting creatine can dramatically boost the creatine content of muscle. Fiske and Subbarow discovered creatine phosphate in 1927, and determined that cre atine is a key player in the metabolism of skeletal muscle. Most studies focusing on creatine and sports performance have only been done since the early 1990s (www.pacific-nutrition.com).When we use our muscles everyday we use oxygen to make energy. This energy is created by breaking... ...rity. It claims to increase muscle strength and to delay fatigue, allowing athletes to train harder and longer. Companies promoting creatine supplements also claim that creatine can help burn fat and increase muscle mass. Annual sales of creatine in the United States alone are well over $100 meg (Performance Enhancing Substances). Although creatine use in athletes is expected to increase because it is not on the list of banned substances as of yet, it is possibly going to be banned from sea captain sports, as well as NCAA sports, as early as next year. I feel like creatine is great and should not be banned. How are athletes going to gain a competitive edge without a supplement that will allow t heir muscles to train harder? I have used creatine and I am still currently using creatine. I have seen the gains in muscle mass already only after two weeks of taking creatine. inebriety plenty of water is the key. As long as you take creatine as suggested, there should be no problems. There are no cognise serious side effects, therefore, I dont think that creatine should be banned. Creatine is a great supplement for athletes to gain that competitive edge

Implementing a Wearable Computer ID Card System Essay -- Security and

EXECUTIVE SUMMARYBackground In order to improve the time & attendance and security of Global Products LLC a article of clothing ground ID card system has been proposed We have considered up to date time and attendance systems, different types of wearable technology and scanning technology The option in this tune case was suggested due to the advantages to the companies quality, safety, productivity and cost saving systemsStrategic Alignment This proposal is aligned with discussions with HR and senior management The purpose of this proposal is to evolve approval for installation of computer establish identification card system and security system. If the proposal is unsuccessful the company will continue to experience challenges in its time sheet recording system.CONTENTSEXECUTIVE SUMMARY2clothing Computing ID cards at Global Products LLC 4What are Wearable Computing based ID cards4How can Wearable Computing be utilized5Associated risks6Infrastructure6How we manage wearable cards7BUSINESS CASE8Overview of activity8Consultation8Financial Model9SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS11CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS15REFERENCES16Wearable Computing ID cards at Global Products LLC What are Wearable Computing based ID cardsComputing based ID cards also known as RFIDRadio frequency identification, or RFID, is a generic term for technologies that use radio waves to automatically identify commonwealth or objectsDirect line of sight is not needed for readingMore than 1 card can be read at a timeInformation is stored on the card that communicates with a reader (see attached picture)Information from the card can be stored in the reader for quick chafe or on a net... .../mobile/mobile-applications/how-enterprises-can-plan-for-wearables/d/d-id/1127827. Accessed 21 March 14.RFID Journal. 2014. Frequently asked questions. ONLINE Available athttp//www.rfidjournal.com/site/faqs. Accessed 22 April 14.Office of the privacy commissioner Canada. 2008. RFID in the workplace. ONLINE Availab le athttps//www.priv.gc.ca/information/research-recherche/consultations/2008/rfid_e.aspPart1-1. Accessed 04 April 14.Sage HRMS. 2013. Punching in for Improved Workforce Management The Top Seven Benefits of an Automated Time and Attendance System. ONLINE Available athttp//www.dresserassociates.com/pdf/whitepapers/Sage-HRMS-Top-Seven-Benefits-of-Automated-Time-Attendance-System.pdf. Accessed 04 April 14.Rawlinsons, RP, 2010. Rawlinsons Australian Construction Handbook. 28th ed. Osborne Park, WA Rawlinson Publishing

Implementing a Wearable Computer ID Card System Essay -- Security and

EXECUTIVE SUMMARYBackground In order to improve the time & attendance and security of Global Products LLC a vesture found ID card system has been proposed We have considered up to date time and attendance systems, different types of wearable technology and scanning technology The option in this care case was suggested due to the advantages to the companies quality, safety, productivity and cost saving systemsStrategic Alignment This proposal is aligned with discussions with HR and senior management The purpose of this proposal is to apply approval for installation of computer base identification card system and security system. If the proposal is unsuccessful the company will continue to experience challenges in its time sheet recording system.CONTENTSEXECUTIVE SUMMARY2clothing Computing ID cards at Global Products LLC 4What are Wearable Computing based ID cards4How can Wearable Computing be utilized5Associated risks6Infrastructure6How we manage wearable cards7BUSINESS CAS E8Overview of activity8Consultation8Financial Model9SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS11CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS15REFERENCES16Wearable Computing ID cards at Global Products LLC What are Wearable Computing based ID cardsComputing based ID cards also known as RFIDRadio frequency identification, or RFID, is a generic term for technologies that use radio waves to automatically identify plurality or objectsDirect line of sight is not needed for readingMore than 1 card can be read at a timeInformation is stored on the card that communicates with a reader (see attached picture)Information from the card can be stored in the reader for quick opening or on a net... .../mobile/mobile-applications/how-enterprises-can-plan-for-wearables/d/d-id/1127827. Accessed 21 March 14.RFID Journal. 2014. Frequently asked questions. ONLINE Available athttp//www.rfidjournal.com/site/faqs. Accessed 22 April 14.Office of the privacy commissioner Canada. 2008. RFID in the workplace. ONLINE Available athttps//www.pri v.gc.ca/information/research-recherche/consultations/2008/rfid_e.aspPart1-1. Accessed 04 April 14.Sage HRMS. 2013. Punching in for Improved Workforce Management The Top Seven Benefits of an Automated Time and Attendance System. ONLINE Available athttp//www.dresserassociates.com/pdf/whitepapers/Sage-HRMS-Top-Seven-Benefits-of-Automated-Time-Attendance-System.pdf. Accessed 04 April 14.Rawlinsons, RP, 2010. Rawlinsons Australian Construction Handbook. 28th ed. Osborne Park, WA Rawlinson Publishing

Assignment community service Essay

RODUCTIONThis course is designed to instil students awareness on affable office and care for society. From this assignment i invite to identify five types of community returns activities for each five category. It is orphanage, urban poor, orang asli, wellness and environment. I have made some re look for from the internet well-nigh this five category. Besides, I have to decide the objective and important in community service. In this assignment, I also have to find out about corporate service responsibility. What is corporate service responsibility? I also have to find the different amid corporate service responsibility and community service. After done discuss about the community service and corporate service responsibility, I have to related the community service with mine students life. In that I have found the important about community service. residential area service is a good subject that every student has to learn.CATEGORY 1 ORPHANAGEAn orphanage is a place where chil dren who do not have guardians who are confident of caring for them live. Some orphanages employed professionals the like nurses, teachers, and different citizenry involved in raising children in order to care for the children entirely within the orphanage. They concede the children basic necessities like food and shelter and take care of education and other issues elsewhere. A child might be sent to an orphanage callable to the death of the childrens parents, or the parents may be alive solely unwilling or unable to care for the child. Most orphanages work to place children in moretraditional family environments, as these are seen as more secure and desirable than living in an orphanage. Some orphanages are separated by gender, moreover many an(prenominal) care for children of both genders. Normally, the orphanage building will include many aspects that might be found in a house. Rooms for the children sleep, a kitchen, and other related rooms are all likely to be found in an orphanage. If the orphanage also functions as a school, then a schoolroom is important as well. While orphanages have the care of children as their primary responsibility, getting those children adopted is also a major function of these institutions. work to get children placed in homes not only gives the children a chance at a better life, but also frees up room in orphanages for other orphans. For this reason, it is important for orphanages to try to keep children healthy, happy, and well- genialized, because a child who exhibits these features is much more likely to be adopted than one who does not.Picture 1.0 Sekreteriat Rakan Muda KUIS visited Rumah Penyayang Sg. Buaya, Banting.1CATEGORY 2 URBAN POORUrban poor refers to individuals or families in urban areas with incomes below the poverty line as defined by the National statistical Coordinating Board(NSCB). They are the underprivileged or homeless sector of society like the unemployed, underemployed and the irregularly empl oyed, or who are incapable of meeting the stripped basic needs, and who live in poor area, squatter and resettlement areas, sidewalks, dumpsites, road right-of-way, unoccupied government or private lands or along danger zones like railroad tracks, riverbanks, high tension wires, or other places in urban areas. The urban distressing are integral part of society and are partners in urbanization and industrialization. They facilitate turn the cycle of economy because they are the factory workers, rank and file government and private employees, soldiers, lowly paid policemen drivers, vendors, house help and waiters. They are also the biggest market of industry. They are source of political power. It is because when they exercise their right to elect local provincial, regional and national officials.Picture 2.0 Urban Poor situation in Malaysia.2CATEGORY 3 ORANG ASLI orangutan Asli is the collective term for the 19 sub-groups of first peoples in Peninsular Malaysia. Orang Asli are mos tly foremainder or agriculture based. On the contra, Orang Asli communities, especially in Southern Peninsular Malaysia, were well established before the reign of the Malay Sultans. Orang Laut groups even provided crucial military and economic support during the formation of the Johor and Malacca Sultanates. That the Orang Asli was part of the emerging Malay secerns can also be gleaned from the general practices in some states. However, once politically autonomous and independent people are likeness of their ancestors. Much of this has to do with the fact that the Malaysian nation state does not recognize the Orang Asli as a separate people, that is as distinct groups associated with particular territorial bases and requiring government on a different rear from that of the other communities.Picture 3.0 some NGO organization visiting the Orang Asli village, Perak.3CATEGORY 4 WELLNESSThe world health organization defines wellness as a state of complete physical, mental and social w ell-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. wellness encompasses a number of these dimensions including physical, social, psychological, ghostly and informational. Wellness is about ensuring that each of these dimensions is in balance. It takes more than physical exercise to maintain good health. Balance is the key to leading a healthy lifestyle. Wellness is the dynamic process of becoming aware of, taking responsibility for and fashioning choices that directly contribute to ones well-being and that of the common good. It is the integration of body, straits and warmness and the on-going development of ones own meaning in life. Wellness also knows as an active process of becoming aware of and making choices toward a more successful existence. The key words in these first sentences are process, aware, choice, and success. Process means that we never arrive at a picture where there is no possibility of improving. Aware means that we are by our nature continuously se ekingmore information about how we can improve. excerpt means that we have considered a variety of options and select those that seem to be in our best interest. Success is determined by each individual to be their personal 4collection of accomplishments for their life.Picture 4.0 The milo Malaysia breakfast run 20141CATEGORY 5 ENVIRONMENTThe environment is gift of god precious to the welfare of life. Many people depend on the natural resources on this earth. Allah has pretend the universe and balanced for human prosperity. Extensive land turned into human dwellings, mountains as cookers earth, plants as a source of food and medicine to life, so has the variety of animal and plant life in the oceans. Unpolluted environment provides us with a comfortable and restful atmosphere. In addition to providing comfort to the people, it is also to some extent be affected by the activities of national development if the environment in the country is maintained. Nowadays, many people are awar e of the importance of nature to human. They have made such as recycling campaign with the slogan says thinks first before the put down. Besides, earth hours to reduce the global warming of the earth.Picture 5.0 cutting newspaper from Cosmo, 26 December 2011, page 16. 5ARTICLE RELATED TO CORPORATE affectionate RESPONSIBILITYCorporate Social Responsibility (CSR) A Brief Overview IN THIS ARTICLE, AARON GERARD SANKAR AND YONG SHEUE LIH DISCUSS THE IMPORTANCE AND BENEFITS OF CSR IN A GLOBALISED ECONOMY.CSR programmes and initiatives have clearly been on the start and these seem to accord with increasing public expectation of such activities being undertaken by companies. This article attempts to outline the potential benefits and to underscore the importance of CSR in the globalised economy. What is CSR? at that place are many different perceptions of what CSR encompasses and likewise, there have been many attempts to define this concept. The definitions attributed to CSR generally describe it as a concept where corporationsvoluntarily integrate social and environmental concerns in carrying out their business. Locally, from the perspective of Bursa Malaysia Securities Berhad (Bursa), CSR is viewed as open and transparent business practices that are based on ethical values and respect for the community, employees, the environment, shareholders and other stakeholders designed to deliver sustainable value to the society at large. Thus, under the concept of CSR, it is anticipated that a corporation incorporates socially responsible behaviour in the conduct of their business operations, which goes beyond mere compliance with or fulfilment of applicable legal and regulatory requirements. This is done by placing a degree of tenseness on practices that take into account the interests of its stakeholders1. By implementing CSR practices, the corporation would balance the larger and general interest of its other stakeholders with the financial interest of its shareholde rs6.WHAT IS THE DEFINITION OF COMMUNITY process?Community service refers to service that a person performs for the benefit of his or her local community. It also knows as voluntary work that is done for free in order to help people or give back to the community. It is also unpaid work that an offender is required to do instead of going to prison house so in this case it is involuntary. It also a group within a municipality or government. The community has closer relations with each other than with the rest of the surrounding inhabitants.WHAT IS THE DEFINITION OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY?Corporate social responsibility is a management concept whereby companies integrate social and environmental concerns in their business operations and interactions with their stakeholders. Corporate service responsibility is generally understood and interactions with their stakeholders. Generally it understand as being the way finished which a connection achieves a balance of economic, envi ronmental and social imperatives, while at the same time addressing the expectations of shareholders. In this sense it is important to draw a distinction between Corporate Service Responsibility, which can be a strategic business management concept and charity, sponsorships. Even though the latter can also hold back a valuable contribution to poverty reduction, will directly enhances the reputation of a company and strengthenits brand, the concepts of Corporate Service Responsibility clearly goes beyond that.WHAT IS DIFFERENT BETWEEN COMMUNITY SERVICE AND CORPORATE SERVICE RESPONSIBILITY? Difference between community service and corporate service is in the community. Community service mostly from among student who gravel a volunteer to a program. While corporate service responsibility is to provide sponsorship or assistance through the company money to develop their companies. For example, give sponsorship to student who wishes to continue their studies abroad while promoting thei r company. Community service most them from clubs in the university or have create event for subject community service.EXPLAIN AND ELABORATE HOW DO YOU RELATES COMMUNITY SERVICE WITH YOUTH? I serve the local community for teaching me about life retires. How we help others in distress. Other than that we can tasted the fate of the others are more difficult than ours. Examples such as orphans, they do not have parents but to continue their lives with courage. For me it was a lot of trouble to teach retires life. Remembrance of his deep distress that is what we are about feelings to appreciate. Community service also teaches us to become a chairman who triumphed. How do we go through all the allegations before succeeding achieve greatness. In addition, adolescent or student be further to follow his deep community service by young and they are stronger than the old ones. Community service may also foster a spirit of mutual help among adolescents over his deep doubts about the people wh o are more difficult.CLOSINGIn conclusion, what I have learnt is about what is community service and corporate service responsibility. What is different between community service and corporate service? Besides, I learn about awareness on social responsibility and care for society. Each person in this earth has their own responsibility to the society. We can define what type that we should alert to help the society. As we know they have five categories that we have learnt. First orphanage, urban poor, orang asli, wellness, and environment.In addition, we can learn more about community service.APPENDICEShttp//answers.ask.com/Education/Other/what_is_the_definition_of_community http//www.ask.com/question/what-is-the-definition-of-community-service http//www.trinityvalleyschool.org/uploaded/community_service/brochure_and_contract.pdf http//webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cachehttp//www.oliviaappeal.com/Wellness/What-Is-Wellness.aspx http//www.miami.edu/sa/index.php/wellness_cente r/WellnessAboutUs/what_is_wellness/ http//webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cachehttp//www.unido.org/en/what-we-do/trade/csr/what-is-csr.html http//www.pcup.gov.ph/html/factsfigures/TheUrbanPoor.htmlhttp//www.culturalsurvival.org/publications/cultural-survival-quarterly/malaysia/orang-asli-self-determination-and-control-resource http//www.wisegeek.com/what-is-an-orphanage.htm

Trapped Characters

The main characters in this run away are trapped by both design or circumstance in a situation. This means that away from the story statement each character is trying to escape from their own little entrapment brought on from either an separate or that character itself.Little region is the most trapped. Mari, Ray say and Mr Boo trap her all in their own special ways. The tho times in the play when she has escaped, is when her Dad visits her in her dreams, when she lists to her records and at the end of the play when Billy comes to rescue Little Voice from the fire.The structure of this play goes as follows. Introduction, leading on to the big scene, major scene, The die down where everything paladints to go wrong and consequently the last scene where everybody leaves their past roots and starts up a new lifetime this is also known as escaping from the old and going to the new. The scene where Little Voice escapes, I think, is shown in dickens places, where Little Voice and Mari are having an disceptation and Mari is trying to force Little Voice in staying with her.Mari LV I be inspectch you. I beseech you, LV.I beseech you I beseech youLV Ma names Laura. And then Laura leaves Mari by herself, and they are both alone now. These few lines are showing Mari begging for LVs forgiveness. The other showing of escape with LV is when she goes to see Billy right at the end of the play, to exercise his birds and she lets the dove go free, which can also symbolise freedom.I think that the only soul in this drama that doesnt escape was Sadie. I think this because, She was actually always trapped by Mari, She was just tagging along all of he time, towards the end Mari told her to go away by saying, Your too quiet to be my friend you, Fuck rancid But then at the end of the play when Ray leaves Mari she goes ravel back to Sadie. As you can see Sadie just goes along with whatever Mari says because she would never be able to evolve a word in brink ways. I think t hat this is why at the end of the play LV escapes and says what she has to say. These few lines show how LV and Mari are totally different.Jim Cartwright shows great structure in this play by wrapping each scene around the man character for that scene. This works very thoroughly because it shows each character in detail, for display case their highlights or their downside to them.Each character has its own different function.LV She is the structure of what the play goes around. She starts off as a quiet little nobody that is always getting in the way of Mari and Ray, She is also at the beginning of the play a silent character, as she never says anything, it s almost like she is either autistic or as if she has just recovered from traumatic experience. But by the end of the play she has come alive, as now she has overcome her fears of other people tormenting her.I found that each character had another character that was similar to the other in some way, Mari and Ray Say, they were both loud, argumentative, they both only loved Little Voice for her money, and they both had a poor ending when LV said that she didnt want to do another show because neither of them never listened to what she had to say, so by the end of the film there was nowhere for them to go so they would wear to start a new life with nothing.The next two characters that resembled one another in some way were Sadie and George. Most people see these two as background characters as they hardly ever come up to and they are only in that scene so that another one of the characters can speak. I feel that these two people get pushed out of the play a lot. Billy pushes out George and Mari and Ray Say elbow Sadie out.Finally you can guess who is coming next, yes, Little Voice and Billy, They both start off as somewhat quiet characters as when they first meet it seems like neither of them have a tongue, But by the end of the play they have gradually worked themselves up to be the bravest and the most powerful characters as they both have each other and they havent lost anything (that they wanted) through this whole situation. This relation of characters and consequences is called echoing.There are lot of key lines in this play that represent what allow for/can happen in the future of the play, for example,Mari And looky here, LV. Prink prink. As we leave, star spangling down the club, the artiste, the minder and the Mum.This is important in the play as Mari is thinks that everything is going to be great in the future but doesnt realise that Little Voice only said that she wanted to do the performance once, and the audience realise this, so they know that everything is going to go wrong towards the end, as well you see her dad wave goodbye at the end of her performance (only in the play) which could mean that she isnt going to sing in front of an audience as she will only perform when her dad is watching. Another key line could be.Ray For god sake, wise up and fuck off.This is a key line because, Ray is trying to tell Mari that all he wants is Little Voice for the money, but he is trying to tell her in a blunt change of way so that (as he thinks) he will not hurt her feelings as much as he would of if he had just walked out, and as well he is just arguing with her to try and blame her but really it is his fault because he just used Mari to get to Little Voice.The most reusable/ base of the play moment is when Ray Say and Mr Boo hear Little Voice for the first time outside her bedroom. This is important because straight after(prenominal) that clip Cartwright shows to the audience that Ray is using Mari, he displays this by. They were all (Ray, Mr Boo & Mari) going down to the pub, and Mari calls him along and he says that he wants to stay and listen to her, which makes Mari realise that maybe he is using her as the day before he said to Mr Boo that shes the one, and Mari thought that he was talking about herself.I fell that this play was set in the end of the 1990s by reason of that mobile phones were not invented, The BT van was quite forward-looking and that the costume and staging was of modern times. The vocabulary too was very modern and simple you could tell that the characters were of a lower class just by looking at the scenery, housing and language used, for example there is a lot of slang going on especially between Mari and Ray when they are mucking around, i.e.Mari See em all standin up then? In some cases this could show that they are both quite common, which could prove my point of them being lower class and quite poor. My favourite part in this play is at the end where Ray thinks that LV has gone mad on him because she starts acting like here heroes, (Judy Garland, Marilyn Monroe and Shirley Bassey), to try and scare him away to get him to leave her alone, besides that it is quite a shock as you are not expecting her to act like this which is good because it shows that Herman (director) has done this purposely to fool the audience.

Living Together Without Married

What atomic number 18 the advantages and disadvantages of donjon unitedly without marriage There ar umpteen advantages and disadvantages in living unitedly onward marriage. Today at that place are many couples living together forward marriage. Sometimes these broads of relationships living together before marriage end up with success and sometimes they are unsuccessful. Some of the advantages of living together before marriage are much(prenominal) as getting to hit the sack your partner, learning about ones abilities if he/she sack satisfy your expectations and more(prenominal).Also, there are some disadvantages in living together before marriage and they are such as religious and family values, parenting problems and more. I imagine there are more advantages then disadvantages in living together before marriage, because sometimes disadvantages in this kind of relationship are avoidable. One of the advantages of living together before marriage is getting to know a so ulfulness that you might marry with. It is important for a person to know almost everything about the other person that he/she is going to get marry with.However, it cant be accomplish without living together for a while before getting unify. People need to know how a person is discussion his/her life from all aspects such as behavior, mental, financial and others before a person decides to get married with. This can non be completed in a some days, therefore, it is important to live together for a while before deciding whether to get married or now. First of all,cohabitation will be a test period before marriage.We encounter with divorces in our daily lives because of couples who do non know enough about separately other. They do not know others home(a) life or disturbing behaviours during the relationship. These are realized when they get married and start to live together. In addition some marriage decisions are disposed(p) in 2 or 3 months after they met first. At this p eriod,having an as summateption about each other is very difficult. Cauples can be aware of others extra life and behaviours in cohabitation.They can cast a step to a strong marriage with living together before marriage. Secondly,in cohabitation there will be financial independence and no jural obligations for spouse. When the couples start to live together,they will just share rent,money of pills and basic needs of home such as shopping,cooking and cleaning. pull up for these,they will continue to their daily lives standardized living alone. When woman want to buy new shoes,she does not need to think what her partner will say. She buys them and does not have obligation for her spouse.Couples will be independence their personal needs. At this point,cohabitation is more alluring than marriage. Finally,it is argued that living together without marriage is against moral standarts at the society. Although there are many people who think so,I believe that moral values can not affect how people make a decision. They do not live for maral values. They live for their happiness. If we get married immediately with our partner who we fall in love without information about her/him , a divorce is inevitable.At this point,moral values do not help to save our marriage. To sum up,cohabitation is a experiment before marriage for couples who want to get married at the end or a life style for couples who love each other without sound obligations and regulations. For most people cohabitation might seem against to moral values or lack of legal regulations. However,I firmly believe that happiness is more important than these values and legal regulations. Therefore,we should give up to integrate and affect peoples decisions. They have to live how they want.Living Together Without MarriedWhat are the advantages and disadvantages of living together without marriage There are many advantages and disadvantages in living together before marriage. Today there are many couples living together before marriage. Sometimes these kinds of relationships living together before marriage end up with success and sometimes they are unsuccessful. Some of the advantages of living together before marriage are such as getting to know your partner, learning about ones abilities if he/she can satisfy your expectations and more.Also, there are some disadvantages in living together before marriage and they are such as religious and family values, parenting problems and more. I think there are more advantages then disadvantages in living together before marriage, because sometimes disadvantages in this kind of relationship are avoidable. One of the advantages of living together before marriage is getting to know a person that you might marry with. It is important for a person to know almost everything about the other person that he/she is going to get marry with.However, it cant be accomplish without living together for a while before getting married. People need to know how a pers on is handling his/her life from all aspects such as behavior, mental, financial and others before a person decides to get married with. This cannot be completed in a few days, therefore, it is important to live together for a while before deciding whether to get married or now. First of all,cohabitation will be a trial period before marriage.We encounter with divorces in our daily lives because of couples who do not know enough about each other. They do not know others home life or disturbing behaviours during the relationship. These are realized when they get married and start to live together. In addition some marriage decisions are given in 2 or 3 months after they met first. At this period,having an assumption about each other is very difficult. Cauples can be aware of others special life and behaviours in cohabitation.They can make a step to a strong marriage with living together before marriage. Secondly,in cohabitation there will be financial independence and no legal obliga tions for spouse. When the couples start to live together,they will just share rent,money of pills and basic needs of home such as shopping,cooking and cleaning. Except for these,they will continue to their daily lives like living alone. When woman want to buy new shoes,she does not need to think what her partner will say. She buys them and does not have obligation for her spouse.Couples will be independence their personal needs. At this point,cohabitation is more alluring than marriage. Finally,it is argued that living together without marriage is against moral standarts at the society. Although there are many people who think so,I believe that moral values can not affect how people make a decision. They do not live for maral values. They live for their happiness. If we get married immediately with our partner who we fall in love without information about her/him , a divorce is inevitable.At this point,moral values do not help to save our marriage. To sum up,cohabitation is a exper iment before marriage for couples who want to get married at the end or a life style for couples who love each other without legal obligations and regulations. For most people cohabitation might seem against to moral values or lack of legal regulations. However,I firmly believe that happiness is more important than these values and legal regulations. Therefore,we should give up to integrate and affect peoples decisions. They have to live how they want.

In writing Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde, Stevenson at once creates a statement about the human condition Essay

In writing Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde, Stevenson at once creates a statement ab extinct the human condition, a critique of Victorian society and a gripping mystery. How does he do this?Robert Lewis Balfour Stevenson, born 1850, grew up in a respectable Victorian middle class household in Edinburgh. His nurse was a fundamentalist Christian who taught Stevenson about equitable and evil. This teaching gave him nightmargons, out of one of which was born Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde. Victorian Edinburgh had two personalities the prosperous middle-class New-Town, where Stevenson lived, and the old black city with poverty, complaint and over crowding.Men at that time could non play dirty, meet women and get drunk the darker and more than mysterious forces of the personality were suppressed being considered in addition uncivilised this was very rude and disrespectful. So men had to do this secretly which meant they were like living two different lives, having two different faces one which was good and highly respected and the other sneaky and disliked. Experiencing this double standard Stevenson started his p plug for his narration to cheat life and become two different people.Stevensons saucy is about mystery and science. The saying of living two different personalities was put to real life in his book one person having two personalities and change state a different person. However, Stevensons theme gain vigorms to be a question just how far scientific development should go before we began to play deity. Some have even suggested that he was drawing attention to the dangers of dabbling with drugs.Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde was set in London where then(prenominal) was a creepy quite place, The low complain of London from wholly around the street was small and what called quiet street after street as empty as a church. Jekyll lived in a respectable place slightlywhere in London and Hyde lived in Soho which was exactly the opposite life. In Soho the streets were dark, cram ped, old and dirty, black guardly surroundings The mournful reinvasion of trace ragged children huddled in admissionways. This shows that for a good and respected person such as Dr Jekyll, he would live in a good and clear place, The street shown out in contrast to the dingy neighbourhood. However as for Mr Hyde, a dirty and bad person, he would live in some city in a nightm atomic number 18 dark and unpleasant, black winter morning touch of that terror.Dr Jekyll has some connection with Mr Hyde in some way. We take care out in the bracing that Hyde could get into Jekylls apartment by a secret back door which no one knew about. The door was a secret to most people and where it led to, the door, which was equipped with neither bell nor knocker, was blistered and distained. The door had no clue for anyone, it was a mystery.The myth has multiple perspective narratives, which federal agency readinesss of different narrators, which we, as readers, have to piece together.The fi rst section is narrated by Utterson. Because we see events through with(predicate) his eyes we share the mystery and tension he perceives he thinks its mysterious and tense, se we feel the same. Utterson doubts and disagrees with Jekylls will, I thought it was madness and now I begin to fear it is disgrace. Utterson thinks that how can Jekyll give all his will to Hyde, a person who tramples over children, its not right. This adds to the mystery making us feel mistrustful and confused.Utterson suspects that Hyde may be blackmailing Jekyll for his will, Blackmail can is what I call that place with the door. and he even has a nightmare about it, dark bed on which he tossed to and fro. This shows that Utterson is worried about Jekyll and is suspicious about Hyde. This also makes us believe it is blackmail.The Next day after Uttersons nightmare, Utterson meets Hyde and starts to speak with him and Hyde says, It is as well we have met. and gives Utterson the address to his home in Soho . Utterson, surprised that Hyde gave him his address, thinks maybe Hyde is thinking about the will too, Good God thought Mr Utterson, can he too have been thinking of the will? This shows that Utterson suspects more now then from his nightmare that Hyde could be blackmailing Jekyll.In addition to Uttersons perspective we learn a lot of important information from others.We meet Enfield in the first chapter. He tells Utterson the story of how he saw a man, Hyde, trample over a young girl. When challenged, Hyde agrees to pay the girl compensation. He goes through an remarkable door and comes out with a cheque subscribe by some else, a man does not, in real life, walk into a cellar door at four in the morning and come out of it with another mans cheque for close upon a hundred pounds. Later on in the novel we find out that the mysterious door goes into Jekylls property which connects Hyde and Jekyll for us.Utterson is worried that Hyde is blackmailing Jekyll. He discussed Jekyll with Dr Lanyon and discovers that they have argued over a scientific proposition and are no longer friends, I see little of him now But it is more than ten years since Henry Jekyll became too fanciful for me. He began to go wrong, wrong in mind and tough. In chapter six Lanyon and Jekyll have a bigger fallout, I wish to see or perk up no more of Dr Jekyll and after this we are told Lanyon falls into a fatal shock and dies, which we suspect has to do with Jekyll.Hyde has disappeared in chapter five and Utterson goes to see if hes at Jekylls. We are told the Jekyll has changed hes pale and scared. There was no sign of Hyde but Jekyll gives Utterson a letter from Hyde which says Hyde will not return. It turns out Jekyll was fictionalization about the letter no letter was delivered that morning. Jekyll or Hyde must have compose that letter, we suspect Jekyll, otherwise why would he have lied.Utterson consults Guest a hand writing expert. He compares Hydes letter to the writing on an invi tation written by Jekyll and notes its very similar, its a very evoke autograph theres a rather singular resemblance the two hands are in many points identical only otherwise sloped. This makes us even more suspicious about Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde theyre defiantly both linked somehow.The truth is revealed after Jekyll/Hyde has died through the narratives of Lanyon and Jekyll. Jekyll provides autobiographical details and expresses his views on human personality which help the reader unravel the temporary hookup.Hyde, Jekyll and Lanyon change throughout the novel. At the start of the novel Hyde tramples over a child accidentally, and then came the noble part of the thing for the man trampled calmly over the childs body and left hand her screaming on the ground. He crashed into her without noticing but he then paid compensation to the childs parents. In chapter four Hyde behaviour changes and he becomes wild, And then all of a sudden he broke out in a great flame of anger, stamping with his foot, brandishing the cane, and carrying on like a madman with ape-like fury, he was trampling his victim under foot, and hailing down a do of blows, under which the bones were audibly shattered. He changes from bad to worse and now hes responsible for a death.Jekyll also changes his feeling and personality. At the stemma of the novel he his calm and relaxed, a large, well-made, smooth-faced man of fifty, with something of a slyish cast perhaps, but every mark of capacity and kindness. Getting into the novel in the middle, Jekyll becomes stressed and nervous, looking deadly sick. He didnt rise to meet his visitor and bade him welcome in a changed voice Utterson did not like his friends feverish manner. After this matter, Jekyll says that Hyde is gone for good and a new life began for Dr Jekyll, He came out of his seclusion, renewed relation with his friends he face seemed to open and brighten and for more than two months the doctor was at peace. Getting close to the end J ekyll turned bad again and changed a lot he doesnt want anyway visitors, not even his close friend Utterson, hes shut up again in the locker Mr Utterson, sir, asking to see you Tell him I cannot see anyone. This shows that Jekyll has changes a lot from good to bad to good again then back to bad.Dr Lanyon changes throughout the novel too. At the start hes a warm and welcoming man with no problems, This was a hearty, legal, dapper, red-faced gentleman and a boisterous and distinguishable manner. At sight of Mr Utterson, he sprang up from his chair and welcomed him with both hands. Dr Lanyon was a good man at first but moving on through the novel he changes his health and look, but when Utterson came in, he was shocked at the change which had taken place in the doctors appearance.He had his death-warrant written legibly upon his face. The rosy man had grown pale, his flesh had fallen away he was visibly balder and older, and becomes slightly aggressive, I wish to see or hear no more of Dr Jekyll in a loud, unsteady voice, I am quite done with that person. To the end of the novel we are told Dr Lanyon becomes so sick and shocked that he dies, and in something less than a fortnight he was dead. Lanyon changed a lot from a kind healthy person to a sick shocked person and at the end dies.Another theme seems to be a critique of the repressive Victorian society, which a great deal led to violence and secrecy. The story is full of locked doors, barred windows and windowless structures. The think, muffling fog also contributes to the theme of secrecy, which is also expressed thought the dialogue.There are a lot of different narrators but each one only knows a certain amount of information and some of which is kept secret.Enfield conceals the name of the person who wrote the cheque Hyde gave to the parents of the trampled girl, and signed with a name that I cant mention a name at least very well known and often printed. This makes us clueless and to wonder who the che que owner can be.Jekyll slams shut the window when hes talking to Utterson and Enfield, But the words were hardly uttered, before the grimace struck out of his face and succeeded by an expression of such abject terror and despair They saw it but for a glimpse had been sufficient, and they turned and left the court without a word They were both pale and there was an answering horror in their eyes. God forgive us God forgive us Utterson and Enfield saw something they were not meant to and were shocked. We dont know what they saw so this adds to the mystery and secrecy, but we may suggest it was Jekyll turning into Hyde.Hydes body is found, in good order in the midst there lay the body of a man sorely contorted and still twitching and beheld the face of Edward Hyde. and Utterson and Poole keep it secret, in that slip-up can we venture to declare this suicide I would say nothing of this. They keep it secret so nobody would examine it and find the truth.Jekylls drugs are kept locked a way, to open the glazed press on the left hand, breaking the lock if it be shut. Jekyll has locked his drugs secretly so no other human shall intermeddle with them, damage or use the drugs themselves and create something disastrous.In addition to the secrecy, the multiple-perspective narrative contributes to the mystery. We are told the tale through the eyes of Enfield, Utterson, Lanyon and finally Jekyll. By revealing the plot through letters, diaries and finally, a casebook, the author makes us feel that we are involved in an intimate revelation of true feelings and events. Until Dr Lanyons Narrative we a re only given glimpses of Hyde through the eyes of the other characters, which draws us into the mystery as well as revealing information about those characters themselves. The moral of this story is to not try to play God.

Organization Behavior Case Study

Communication is the but ift against of information throw between two and much than two individuals or organizations (Bowditch and Buono, 1997, cited by A nonony and Macvi rail motorcar, 2011 106). In general, communicating performance could be divided into two forms, verbal and non-verbal (Buchanan and Huczynski, 2010). Verbal communion includes oral and written, non-verbal parley includes body language and eye contact (ibid. ). Because of the development of technologies, particularly the come about of internet, confabulation approaches becomes more diverse and effective (Shrivastava, 2012).In organizations, effective communication strategies could improve their both inner(a) and out-of-door managing process (ibid). Thus, most of organizations atomic derive 18 documentation developing their communication strategies for improving their competitiveness in the market. However, communication process always launch with several noise, which considered as communication barr iers, and these problem could go across in every phase of transmission stages (Buchanan and Huczynski, 2010).There are various kinds of barriers defined by scholars, for instance, Shrivastava (2012) labeled barriers into physical, emotional, perceptual, culture, gender and others. These barriers contribute to the lack of efficiency and irresolution in the process of communication (ibid. ). Due to communication is the fundamental issue in the stage of the management in an organization, most of organizations are looking for an trance scheme for improving the efficiency and reliability of communication (Goh et al, 2005).Consequently, this essay will try to figure out three organizations ch on the wholeenge of communication, these three samples will be go-ahead Rent-A-Car, Ferrari and ideal magics international school, meanwhile, their solutions for overcoming communication barriers will be evaluated in the essay. endeavor Rent-A-Car try Rent-A-Car is one of the biggest car ter m of a contract come with which has over 370 locations throughout the UK. As a multinational company, Enterprises business covers seven countries with 8,200 rental office for offering perfunctory and weekend car rental for individual and business (The Times 100, 2013).To guarantee that a variety of upcountry and out-of-door stakeholders are make to fit messages effectively, Enterprise has use antithetic communication strategies. However, the challenge for Enterprise is that they cannot ensure that the methods and channel they used are the most curb for each audience (ibid). To be specific, this phenomenon is considered as strong buck barrier in the communication process. To solve this problem, Crothers (2007) claims that each particular communication could be effective by an appropriate medium.Enterprise communication strategies launched with the indwelling and external stakeholders, which aims to deliver the values and culture of the company according to such induction events, website, meeting and poster (The Times 100, 2013). Mostly, the communication approaches which are used by Enterprise are verbal communication. According to Waldstrom et al (2011, cited in Antony and MacVicar, 2011112), verbal communication is able to express information much clearer than that of non-verbal communication. However, verbal communication exponent hold in several misunderstanding of the massage.The communicator and receivers are not in the kindred position, even receivers can understood the words, they might cannot understand the meaning and attitudes of the communicators who are not familiar with them (Wright and Whalley, 1979). Meanwhile, Sonnenberg (1990) states that verbal communication cannot be effective without developed listening skills. Thus, if receivers listening skills such as ability of emphasis and evaluate the information and be able to chose the definitive information can be improved, such misunderstanding and incertainty can be avoided (ibid. ).On the other hand, An appropriate channel for feedback could be critical for inwrought communication, communicators can collect feedbacks to analyse receivers needs and give them explanation of confusing questions. (Wright and Whalley, 1979). Thus, Enterprise builded a internet based system which is called The Hub to ensure that employees exchange their picture directly (The Times 100, 2013). For the external communication, Enterprises service is divided into business-to-business (B2B) and business-to-consumer (B2C) approaches (The Times 100, 2013).Enterprise used various channels includes TV advertising, -mail and company newssheet to deliver the information, which ensured that they can cover all of the customers (ibid. ). Goh et al. (2005) shows that multiple communication channels not only deliver rich information effectively, but in addition be able to catch specific receivers needs. Therefore, Enterprise created multiple communication approaches to ensure the informatio n could be deliver effectively and cover both internal and external stakeholders. Ferrari Ferrari is an excellent values company which has high reputation in the sport car industry and performance quite well in car go events (Patrono, 2012).Meanwhile, Ferrari is the only car manufacture which has entire production line, that allows Ferrari to design every part of car just for its production (Invernizzi and Romenti, 2012). Before Luca di Montezemolo became Ferraris CEO, Ferrari set about an internal feedback communication barrier which is that employees cannot perish well with senior executives, since the internal communication approaches were closed, it contributes that even Ferrari had a very good performance in hotfoot events, but did not performance well in general market (ibid. ). Goh et al. 2005) states that a closed internal communication environment might leads the reducing of stakeholders gumption of participation, lading and passion. Similarly, Wright and Whalley (1979 ) claims that if employees feel under pressure, they cannot present their information clearly, and also, they might be not willing to exchange their creative advice of work. The closed communication channel not only contributes the barrier between employees and employers, but also leads an ineffective communication process between contrasting sectors of Ferrari (Invernizzi and Romenti, 2012).In ordinate to solve the invalid communication process, Greenbaum (1980) point that a crucial element in internal communication process in organization is that senior executives should be more initiative to receive stakeholders idea. Thus, Ferraris CEO Luca di Montezemolo create a new communication system which is called Formula Uomo (Patrono, 2012). For the internal communication, Formula Uomo creates a permanent listening instruments, such s the unaffixed door office, which requires leading managers have to listen and pay more attention to the needs of employees to improve employees partici pation, commitment and performance (Invernizzi and Romenti, 2012). It not only stomach a easier way for sender to communicate with the receiver, but also shared the whole information includes every aspects of this company, that allows participant to give their opinion of each processes (ibid). This light communication strategy is able to encourage employees join the whole operation of organization (Greenbaum, 1980).Therefore, eventually, Ferrari figure out an effective communication system in order to enlarge employees senses of belonging. Compare with the case of Enterprise Rent-A-Car, if Ferrari build an accessible intranet for internal communication, their efficiency of communication might be able to improve further. backer tushs international school Saint crappers international school is using British curriculum to teach Thai children in Thailand, all the teacher in the campus are from Britain. It faced a culture barrier between teachers and pupils (Monthienvichienchai, et al. 2002). In this case, the major problem is that due to the culture difference, students cannot understand what teachers privation to communicate and the meanings they want to convey (ibid. ).According to Hofstede (2001), in a cross-culture organization, the main barriers of communication is the different awareness of working style and the cognition of the goal. In the Saint hind ends case, Thai students are more likely to learn how to do rather than how to learn and they feel more comfortable in a merged leaning situations (Monthienvichienchai, et al. 2002). For the major goal of learning, the major gap between British education mean and that of Thai, Thai people consider that diplomas are more natural in building personal self respect (ibid). This might cause British teachers and Thai cannot working in the same way for a same purpose. In order to solve this problem, Wiseman, cited in Monthienvichienchai, et al. (2002) claims that three essential elements of improving the e fficiency of communication are intimacy, motivation and skill or action.Thus, Saint washbasins international school not only provides the basic curriculum for pupils, but also creates face-to-face communication opportunities for students to communicate with teachers, which aims to improve pupils knowledge of the purpose and the teaching style of British education (Monthienvichienchai, et al. , 2002). English (2001) states that in an interculture organization, informal communication might reduce receivers tension and increase the comprehension of different culture.Therefore, students in Saint Johns school are able to understand the British culture through the well-designed informal activities (Monthienvichienchai, et al. , 2002). In summary, Saint Johns international school overcomes several culture gap between Thai pupils and British teachers, however, due to the different education from home and school, this barrier cannot be all told solved. Compare with Ferrari case, Saint Joh ns international school might also need a better communication environment, such as open door office and teacher might need to be more initiative.In conclusion, this essay has analyzed the three different organizations (Enterprise Rent-A-Car, Ferrari, Saint Johns international school) communication process, and discussed the communication barriers of them separately. Furthermore, the solutions which in order to remove these barriers also have been evaluated in the essay. According to these cases, to improve the internal and external communication efficiency, an appropriate channel, a harmonious communication environment and suitable methods could be beneficial.Additionally, communication strategies are flexible, they could be change and improved in an appropriate sequence and situation. Thus, it is important that organizations need to be more sensitive for the changing communication barriers. However, this essay targets are narrow, there are also a considerable number of different types of communication barriers such as gender and language barriers are existing in some organizations, which are leading to the inefficiency and uncertainty in the process of communication. composition Behavior Case StudyCommunication is the process of information exchange between two and more than two individuals or organizations (Bowditch and Buono, 1997, cited by Anotony and Macvicar, 2011 106). In general, communication process could be divided into two forms, verbal and non-verbal (Buchanan and Huczynski, 2010). Verbal communication includes oral and written, non-verbal communication includes body language and eye contact (ibid. ). Because of the development of technologies, especially the progress of internet, communication approaches becomes more diverse and effective (Shrivastava, 2012).In organizations, effective communication strategies could improve their both internal and external managing process (ibid). Thus, most of organizations are keep developing their communicat ion strategies for improving their competitiveness in the market. However, communication process always launch with several noise, which considered as communication barriers, and these problem could occur in every phase of transmission stages (Buchanan and Huczynski, 2010).There are various kinds of barriers defined by scholars, for instance, Shrivastava (2012) labeled barriers into physical, emotional, perceptual, culture, gender and others. These barriers contribute to the lack of efficiency and uncertainty in the process of communication (ibid. ). Due to communication is the fundamental issue in the stage of the management in an organization, most of organizations are looking for an appropriate strategy for improving the efficiency and reliability of communication (Goh et al, 2005).Consequently, this essay will try to figure out three organizations challenge of communication, these three samples will be Enterprise Rent-A-Car, Ferrari and Saint Johns international school, meanwhil e, their solutions for overcoming communication barriers will be evaluated in the essay. Enterprise Rent-A-Car Enterprise Rent-A-Car is one of the biggest car rental company which has over 370 locations throughout the UK. As a multinational company, Enterprises business covers seven countries with 8,200 rental office for offering daily and weekend car rental for individual and business (The Times 100, 2013).To guarantee that a variety of internal and external stakeholders are able to receive messages effectively, Enterprise has used different communication strategies. However, the challenge for Enterprise is that they cannot ensure that the methods and channel they used are the most appropriate for each audience (ibid). To be specific, this phenomenon is considered as medium barrier in the communication process. To solve this problem, Crothers (2007) claims that each particular communication could be effective by an appropriate medium.Enterprise communication strategies launched wit h the internal and external stakeholders, which aims to deliver the values and culture of the company according to such induction events, website, meeting and poster (The Times 100, 2013). Mostly, the communication approaches which are used by Enterprise are verbal communication. According to Waldstrom et al (2011, cited in Antony and MacVicar, 2011112), verbal communication is able to express information much clearer than that of non-verbal communication. However, verbal communication might lead several misunderstanding of the massage.The communicator and receivers are not in the same position, even receivers can understood the words, they might cannot understand the meaning and attitudes of the communicators who are not familiar with them (Wright and Whalley, 1979). Meanwhile, Sonnenberg (1990) states that verbal communication cannot be effective without developed listening skills. Thus, if receivers listening skills such as ability of emphasis and evaluate the information and be able to chose the important information can be improved, such misunderstanding and incertainty can be avoided (ibid. ).On the other hand, An appropriate channel for feedback could be crucial for internal communication, communicators can collect feedbacks to analyse receivers needs and give them explanation of confusing questions. (Wright and Whalley, 1979). Thus, Enterprise builded a internet based system which is called The Hub to ensure that employees exchange their opinion directly (The Times 100, 2013). For the external communication, Enterprises service is divided into business-to-business (B2B) and business-to-consumer (B2C) approaches (The Times 100, 2013).Enterprise used various channels includes TV advertising, -mail and company newsletter to deliver the information, which ensured that they can cover all of the customers (ibid. ). Goh et al. (2005) shows that multiple communication channels not only deliver rich information effectively, but also be able to catch specific re ceivers needs. Therefore, Enterprise created multiple communication approaches to ensure the information could be deliver effectively and cover both internal and external stakeholders. Ferrari Ferrari is an excellent values company which has high reputation in the sport car industry and performance quite well in car racing events (Patrono, 2012).Meanwhile, Ferrari is the only car manufacture which has entire production line, that allows Ferrari to design every part of car just for its production (Invernizzi and Romenti, 2012). Before Luca di Montezemolo became Ferraris CEO, Ferrari faced an internal feedback communication barrier which is that employees cannot communicate well with senior executives, since the internal communication approaches were closed, it contributes that even Ferrari had a very good performance in racing events, but did not performance well in general market (ibid. ). Goh et al. 2005) states that a closed internal communication environment might leads the reduc ing of stakeholders sense of participation, commitment and passion. Similarly, Wright and Whalley (1979) claims that if employees feel under pressure, they cannot present their information clearly, and also, they might be not willing to exchange their creative advice of work. The closed communication channel not only contributes the barrier between employees and employers, but also leads an ineffective communication process between different sectors of Ferrari (Invernizzi and Romenti, 2012).In order to solve the invalid communication process, Greenbaum (1980) point that a crucial element in internal communication process in organization is that senior executives should be more initiative to receive stakeholders idea. Thus, Ferraris CEO Luca di Montezemolo create a new communication system which is called Formula Uomo (Patrono, 2012). For the internal communication, Formula Uomo creates a permanent listening instruments, such s the open door office, which requires leading managers ha ve to listen and pay more attention to the needs of employees to improve employees participation, commitment and performance (Invernizzi and Romenti, 2012). It not only provide a easier way for sender to communicate with the receiver, but also shared the whole information includes every aspects of this company, that allows participant to give their opinion of each processes (ibid). This open communication strategy is able to encourage employees join the whole operation of organization (Greenbaum, 1980).Therefore, eventually, Ferrari figure out an effective communication system in order to increase employees senses of belonging. Compare with the case of Enterprise Rent-A-Car, if Ferrari build an accessible intranet for internal communication, their efficiency of communication might be able to improve further. Saint Johns international school Saint Johns international school is using British curriculum to teach Thai children in Thailand, all the teacher in the campus are from Britain. It faced a culture barrier between teachers and pupils (Monthienvichienchai, et al. 2002). In this case, the major problem is that due to the culture difference, students cannot understand what teachers want to communicate and the meanings they want to convey (ibid. ).According to Hofstede (2001), in a cross-culture organization, the main barriers of communication is the different awareness of working style and the cognition of the goal. In the Saint Johns case, Thai students are more likely to learn how to do rather than how to learn and they feel more comfortable in a structured leaning situations (Monthienvichienchai, et al. 2002). For the major goal of learning, the major gap between British education purpose and that of Thai, Thai people consider that diplomas are more essential in building personal self respect (ibid). This might cause British teachers and Thai cannot working in the same way for a same purpose. In order to solve this problem, Wiseman, cited in Monthienvichien chai, et al. (2002) claims that three essential elements of improving the efficiency of communication are knowledge, motivation and skill or action.Thus, Saint Johns international school not only provides the basic curriculum for pupils, but also creates face-to-face communication opportunities for students to communicate with teachers, which aims to improve pupils knowledge of the purpose and the teaching style of British education (Monthienvichienchai, et al. , 2002). English (2001) states that in an interculture organization, informal communication might reduce receivers tension and increase the comprehension of different culture.Therefore, students in Saint Johns school are able to understand the British culture through the well-designed informal activities (Monthienvichienchai, et al. , 2002). In summary, Saint Johns international school overcomes several culture gap between Thai pupils and British teachers, however, due to the different education from home and school, this bar rier cannot be completely solved. Compare with Ferrari case, Saint Johns international school might also need a better communication environment, such as open door office and teacher might need to be more initiative.In conclusion, this essay has analyzed the three different organizations (Enterprise Rent-A-Car, Ferrari, Saint Johns international school) communication process, and discussed the communication barriers of them separately. Furthermore, the solutions which in order to remove these barriers also have been evaluated in the essay. According to these cases, to improve the internal and external communication efficiency, an appropriate channel, a harmonious communication environment and suitable methods could be beneficial.Additionally, communication strategies are flexible, they could be change and improved in an appropriate time and situation. Thus, it is important that organizations need to be more sensitive for the changing communication barriers. However, this essay targe ts are narrow, there are also a considerable number of different types of communication barriers such as gender and language barriers are existing in some organizations, which are leading to the inefficiency and uncertainty in the process of communication.

Abortion Subject

The topic of women having abortions can be an intense subject. This subject has always been a debate beca handling the multitude of society cannot agree on die hard abortions ar right or wrong. In this paper I will give multiple reasons wherefore abortions should be legal for women to gestate. Abortions are legal and should repose legal because women should have the right to decide what happens with their bodies both(prenominal) women that become pregnant are not ready emotionally or financially to be mothers and abortions is the best(p) answer for an unwanted pregnancy.Its a woman choice I agree abortions should be legal because not all women can afford to make water care of a child or give them the necessities they need. I also believe this choice should be up to women. This is the same with any medical mental process, if a somewhatone was to have a tumor while pregnant and it was biography threatening, what you will choose to do save the baby or the woman. This is whe re abortions come in. good deal need not to look at this like a disease and start treating abortions like any other medical unconscious process.According to the Washington trademark NBC/WSJ polls find that, on the 40 anniversary of the Supreme Courts Roe v. wade decision, 70 percent of Americans want the landmark abortions rights public opinion to stay (Weiner, 2013). Indeed, as we learned from study thither are more people who agree to keep this order in place for woman. This alone says it is a safe procedure if done right by experienced physician. Keeping abortions legal is the right choice because this is something that helps women have a choice on what to do with unwanted or unsafe pregnancies. term abortions can offer ways to help women with any kind of issues they may go through while pregnant, some other crucial information women need to know is be safe and observe the physicians to ensure they are well qualified physicians. Pros of an abortion There are heap of pros w hen it comes to this topic. Abortions are not as negative as everyone might want to think. Abortions are done in the case of women being raped there are very few women that really want to keep their child in cases like this. Is abortion much(prenominal) a terrible thing in this internet site? I do not think so.Doing research on this topic there are pros to legal abortions, study show A womans right to choose abortion is a fundamental right recognized by the U. S Supreme Court. The landmark abortion case Roe v. Wade was decided on January 22, 1973, and remains the law of the land (ProCon. org, 2013). Certainly, there are people that do not agree with abortions and never will, but one persons opinions should not affect other decisions. Although people say abortions are wrong and its killing another human being, its also important to remember why abortions are necessary.In cases abortions are not done for malicious intent, but in some cases they are done to save the life of women. Co ns of abortions Where there are pros there are cons to any subject or topic. On the topic should abortions be legal, umpteen say there are some cons that others do not believe. With this topic people will never be 100 percent comfortable. The only con I believe is getting the procedure done wrong by an unprofessional doctor that will lead to death and not by an experience doctor, nurse, or physicians to ensure your health.For example, study says women should use contraceptives not abortion, to avoid unwanted pregnancies. A center for Disease Control and prevention study show that 19-25% of women who received abortions in 2006 had previously had one or more abortions. If abortions were not available, women would use preventable measures (ProCon. org, 2013). Having a negative attitude about abortions will lead to not looking at the positive sides of having a abortion. Seeing these kinds of negative impact puts a negative influence on others and confuses others about what is right fo r them and their body.After reading study, I have to say I disagree, just because woman have abortions and they are available does not mean all woman abuse the system. For example if a woman is raped she should have used protection to prevent her from getting pregnant. That does not make sense. Whose to say why women have abortions, society just follow the number of abortions and studies which can be misleading at times. Whats the risk of abortions? I personally believe in abortions but I also know there are health risks when having abortions. Currently in the United States over the years there have been a number of abortions happening.There is risk at everything we do, like including abortions. To avoid such risks according to study currently in the United States, a patch work of state regulations determines who can provide abortions with several states specifically prohibiting non-physician clinicians from performing the procedure (News RX, 2013). Indeed, having educated nurses a nd other health physician handling patients that has had or is contemplating an abortion is the safest thing to do to ensure all women are cared for correctly while having this procedure.If people dont take abortions seriously then people can have false information about this issue. This will lead to unsafe conditions do to abortions. Increasing the types of health care professionals who can provide early aspiration abortions care is one way to reduce this health care disparity (News RX, 3013). While there are risks to having an abortions the judge of abortions has fell 29% between 1990-2005 from 27. 4 to 19. 4 this is not counting the level cut from 2005-2008 (ProCon. org, 2013). With this being said the rate of abortions are continuing to fall which is a positive thing.Abortions help saves lives According to (Planned Parenthood) legal abortions protect womens health. For tens of thousands of women with heart disease, kidney disease, severe hypertension, sickle cell genus Anemia and severe diabetes, and other illnesses that can be life threathing, the availability of legal abortions has helped avert serious medical complications that would have resulted from childbirth (Planned Parenthood, 2006). Reasons why abortion should be legal If abortions were not legal, than women would have no options for an unwanted child.Lets talk about unwanted children. For one every child wants to be wanted, and love by someone. If women are forced to carry unwanted pregnancies to term, the outcome would be society has unloved, unwanted children having abandonments issues. This is another problem of its make. Again this is why I personally believe abortions should be legal. What abortion does is help some women who are not ready to be mothers financially and or emotionally. We all know that women have abortions for many different reasons even if society disagrees on this issue of abortion.Also abortions are a way to keep some of our children from having to grow up financially and emotionally deprived. Everyone looks at abortions as if its an easy task, dont want the child go have an abortions. For some its not that easy and the ratiocination behind having an abortion is not that easy either. Its important not to judge someone for their actions and to not really know the reason as to why some women have made this choice. Reasons As I said before women have abortions for many different reasons.One may be because it wasnt planned, what some would call an accidental pregnancy. Another reason could be in the case of rape. Majority of women would not want to be reminded of that kind of experience so abortion should be an option. Another reason is what if the baby had a birth defect that caused harm for the baby and the mother. Again abortion should be an option or even in the case of incest. I dont think any women would want to keep a baby by someone from their own family they have known them their whole lives and that has raised them as a child.You have to be a very strong woman to go through these things, and there are plenty in our world. Having a child and being a parent are two different things if you look at it. Being a parent is someone who is going to guide you, nurture you, and loves you unconditionally, who provides and protects you. Now having a child any woman can do that. But for some they do not want or cannot do for their child/children. Having a child is a major responsibility financially, psychologically, and morally. Raising a child demands time, patients, effort, a lucid mind and cant forget money.

‘Of Mice & Men’ †Character Analysis Essay

During chapter two of the novel Of Mice and Men, we are introduced to another six different characters as George and Lennie de chasteize work on a farm. These characters are the honcho, his son, Curley and Curleys wife, and the other itinerants sweeten, dilute and Carlson.The first of these characters that we meet is Candy. Candy Is introduced as an old man with a physical disability. Out of the sleeve came a round stick-like wrist, except no hand. His physical description levels that he corporationnot work on a farm, and we grow step up later(prenominal) that he has been demoted to a cleaner. Candys behaviour and the instruction he speaks links to each other. At first he sees a bit hostile towards George and Lennie as he doesnt really experience them. He then starts to talk to them properly and tells them virtually the ranch.Candy doesnt really have some(prenominal) moral values. When he talks about the way the black stable buck is beaten up by the boss, instead of ex pressing concern he laughs and jokes about it. This shows that he is real biased. George and Lennie and Candy get on right from the start, plainly George is very angry after the question when Candy eavesdrops on a intercourse between George and Lennie. Candy is a very lonely man with no family. The only thing of signification to him is his wienerwurst, who is very much in parallel to him. The dog is very old and half-blind. Both are modify and near the end of their working life.We learn a few things about the boss when Candy is intercourse George and Lennie about him. The first thing that Candy says about the boss is that he was very angry about them being late. Wheres the hell them new men? He always takes all of his anger out on the nigger, showing that he is racist. The stable buck, Crooks, even has a crooked back which he got from being kicked by a horse. Despite all of this anger, Candy goes on say how niminy-piminy the boss is and about the Christmas where he bought a gallon of whiskey for the workers. Hes a pretty nice fellow, but he also Gets pretty mad some seasons. We then meet the boss who stepped into the room. As expected the boss is already angry about George and Lennie being late, but he is already suspicious. This is because George doesnt let Lennie speak and the boss assumes that there is something dodgy going on. The boss accuses George of stealing Lennies wages. You taking his pay away from him? The boss is paranoid and doesnt really believe in friendship. He is very suspicious about them and asks George questions, forcing him to lie, Hes mycousin. The tone of voice that is used throughout the interview is angry and suspicious. He is angry at George and Lennie for being late and suspicious about Georges behaviour.The contiguous character is the bosss son, Curley. Curley is described as A little stocky man. The clothes that he wears remind us of a typical cowboy. blue jean trousers, a flannel shirt, a black, undo vest and a black coat. His thumbs were stuck in his belt, on each side of a square firebrand buckle. This shows us that he is not a labouring man and has a higher status. This is also shown by the fact that he stands confidently and arrogantly. He is broad, short and stocky, but also powerful. When George and Lennie meet Curley for the first time they immediately make an enemy. Right from the beginning Curley gives them a hostile reception when he walks him. He glanced in cold blood at George and then at Lennie. For some reason he seems to be looking for a fight, his work force closed into fists.Curley seems to have a problem with Lennie. Curley is very small and not like a mean(prenominal) man and is jealous of Lennie he sees Lennie as a threat. Lennie is huge and muscular, but Curley is small and stocky. Even though he symbolises a higher status he is morally and physically stunted. Curley is very violent for a small man and can be compared to George, as he is a worse version of George (Georg e is tame my Lennie. Of all the characters we have met so far or so of them are physically or mentally disabled. Curley is very small and unman-like, Crooks has a crooked back, Candy only has one hand and Lennie is mentally disabled. Steinbeck is trying to show that even though America is the land of dreams, these people have been damaged by America. Crooks is also the seat of racism. Even George is damaged by America as he has failed in life.Candy is the first individual to talk about Curleys wife, who describes her as a tart. George and Lennie meet her for the first time when she is purportedly looking for Curley in the bunkhouse. We cannot say that this is the real reason because Curley would not be there and she would have seen Curley go home. This shows that she may be a lonely person, or may have gone there to fiddle with some of the men. However, her behaviour doesnt seem flirtatious.Im trying to find Curley, Slim, shows us that she is not coming on to Slim, but her phys ical appearance says that she is. The use of red imagery symbolises danger, and Curleys wife is full of make-up that is red, rouged lips and wide-spaced eyes, heavily made-up. Her finger nails were red. Not only is her make-up red, but so are her clothes, red muleslittle bouquets of red ostrich feathers. She is a scarlet and loose. She likes showing herself dark and is not used to farm life, so she dresses quite provocatively. She is a femme fatale because Lennie is attracted to red. This links back to the woman in Weed who had a red dress. This woman is a danger to Lennie, and also to George and Lennies jobs. Lennie watched her, fascinated.Slim is the most respected man on the farm. He is described as a tall man who was well-built and strong. He is not crippled in any way like some of the other characters. Slim is a master-craftsmen He was well respected and revered by everyone on the farm and everyone would look up to him and keep him, giving him authority over everyone else. Sl im is very serious and intelligent and the prince of the ranch. This shows that everyone looks to him for guidance. His voice was very gentle. Slim doesnt need to shout to get attention and respect, unlike Curley, who needs to fight and threaten. Slim can even hear things before people say something.Slim seems God-like and unrealistic because Steinbeck shows him as too perfect. He is an omnipotent who is idealised and no one is like him. Slim is used as a moral yardstick to measure everyone else. He welcomes George and Lennie to the ranch. He does this in a friendly and gentle way. His tone was friendly. It invited corporate trust without demanding it. He is not suspicious like the boss and believes in friends travelling together. He doesnt seem hostile and gives George and Lennie a welcoming atmosphere and understands that George and Lennie look out for each other. George is also given the boldness to open up to George and reveal his true feelings about Lennie. George is able to trust Slim and knows that he allow for understand and not tell anyone.Carlson seems like a nice person from the start and by the way he welcomes George and Lennie. Glad to meet ya. Like Slim, he Carlson is described as a powerful, big-stomached man. He shows his respect to Slim and lets Slim go first. Carlson stepped back to let Slim precede him. However, we then find out that he is very insensitive. He begins a conversation about Slims dog and then talks about wanting to kill Candys dog. That dog of Candys is so God-damn old he cant hardly walk. Stinks like hell, tooWhynt you get Candy to shoot his old dog. Carlson wants to kill Candys dog because he is too old and smells and is a nuisance. This is very insensitive.

Life in the Universe: The Significance of Planet X

The Internet is replete with sites touting proof of extraterrestrial life in the universe television system programs found on channels with a scientific slant, such as Discovery, The Learning Channel, The Hi storey Channel, SciFi, and Nova, seek the possibilities of extraterrestrial life on a regular basis a slew of books consume been produce by those claiming to start had close encounters with alien beings, or to have witnessed events that suggest the presence of such. M all of these claims have been levyn fraudulent or misinterpreted, yet some remain persuasive.Currently, t present is some compelling inference that extraterrestrial beings might not only exist, scarcely might as well as have toured our planet passim history. While a great majority of this secern can be dismissed as the meanderings of the bored, mentally ill, or those interested in making m iy on the naivet of other(a)s, some of it is not so soft discharged. As far back as recorded history exists, in th at location are suggestions of extraterrestrial visitations elegant renderings of strange tendencys in the sky, beings that do not look human, and societies who function at a technological direct that defies the development of the era.While modern technology might afford us evidence considered more existential or irrefut satisfactory, in the past, no such evidence could be had. Historically, there are numerous depictions in art that suggest an awareness of alien beings or spaceships. One such painting entitled The bloody shame with shrine Giovannino by the 15th century artist Domenico Ghirlandaio, depicts a flying saucer type object in the sky over Marys shoulder, and a man with his dog, staring up at it. It seems clearly to be an alien spacecraft.Now, while paintings are clearly not the same as photographs, but merely renderings from the mortal of the artist, there still has to be some pertinent reason why an artist would place something so odd in his painted sky. The obviou s suggestion here, is that he might have seen such an object, or the consciousness of the time was at least partly centered on these things. In 1486, Carlos Crivellis painting, The Annunciation with Saint Emidius depicts a spaceship that is sending a beam of light to the head of Mary.But what if faith is not the only avenue toward belief? What if scientific data in the form of archeology, astronomy, physics and other disciplines demo to the truth of extraterrestrial presence on our planet? Numerous hieroglyphs have been found that are clearly representations of objects in the ancient sky, objects that suggest a technology far advanced for the era.The fact that these objects were airborne at all, was of course cause for investigation. One such relief carving found in the beams of the ceiling of the in the altogether Kingdom Temple at the Giza Plateau in Egypt, clearly depicts a modern day helicopter, a submarine, a glider or maybe a space shuttle (Crystal). It would be gruelling to excuse these images away as anything other than what they appear to be.Delving deeper into the antecedents for these ideas leads to examination of advanced cultures of the past. The Sumerian culture is one of the most(prenominal) advanced cultures ever knget, yet they existed during a time period where most people lived in a primitive fashion. Still, they created many mathematical concepts, geometry, algebra, and were the first to develop the zodiac, dividing the heavens into the 12 houses the first to develop four hundred characters of cuneiform writing, and the first to display a complete understanding of astronomy.Ooparts is the term used to describe the purportedly out of place in time artifacts, toys, tools, technical devices, depictions and documents which have come to light through archaeologic excavation or discovery (Freer). The Sumerians culture is filled with ooparts that cannot be explained in any way other than they were influenced by other species from a more ad vanced culture. Sumerians recorded a great deal of their own history, even the day to day mundane events. It is clear from their records that they lived among beings they referred to as the Anunnaki.These beings were purportedly from the plant Nibiru, and had come here to colonize. This is where the Sumerians gained their incredible hunch overledge base, apparent in all their artifacts and records. For instance, the Sumerians k current the number of planets and the distance of the planets from worldhow? We didnt even know that until we sent probes in the 1970s. How could they know so much about astronomy? All of this knowledge, though, is authenticated by artifacts left behind (AncientX).Religion aside, the theory with the most veracity, also seems the most far-fetched that an alien race annex our planet half a million years ago, and we are a product of genetic applied wisdom and cross breeding. Russian-born archeologist Zecharia Sitchin, not only believes that, but has present ed an impressive amount of data that would seem to prove his theory.Sitchin was raised in Palestine, gaining a formidable knowledge of ancient Hebrew, among other languages, and is one of the few scholars who is able to read and understand Sumerian (XFacts). Through study of Sumerian culture and artifacts, he has pieced together the historical details that explain this outlandish postulate.According to Sitchin, the Sumerians spoke of 12 planets in the solar system, contrary to our stream knowledge of nine. They counted the sun and moon in that number, so according to them, there is one other planet in our solar system. This planet was known as Nibiru by the Sumerians, and current day references are usually Planet X which is a play on both the unknown and the fact that X is the roman print numeral for ten, and Nibiru would be the tenth planet, if we continue to discount the sun and moon as planets.Modern science has discovered that the human genome contains 223 genes that do not h ave the required predecessors on the genomic evolutionary tree (Sitchin) The heading then becomes where did those mysterious genes come from?Another interesting indicator is that lead NASA scientists believe there is other planet beyond Pluto, based on the inability of Plutos mass to cause certain disturbances in orbit, referred to as perturbances, and wobbling movements of that planet. These movements suggest a gravitational pull beyond Pluto that can only be explained by the presence of another large planet, two to five times the size of earth.Scientists have also recently put forth the Orpheus Theorythat a rogue planet collided with Earth, and this created a new transformation of Earth, and our current moon, and also explains the asteroid belt, among other things. This theory supports what the Sumerians recorded 6,000 years ago (XFacts), which would suggest potently that the Sumerians had knowledge of many things that cannot be explained other than with the input from another race from another planet. This information alone, should be enough to justify further investigation into not only the presence of a 10th (or 12th) planet, but the possibility that there are other lifeforms that have come from that planet to Earth in the past, and could do it again in the future.Further along in the historic timeline, we have discovered more actual reasons to explore the idea of intelligent life in the universe aside from our own. In 1938, an archeological grasp in the Baian-Lara-Ula mountain between china and Tibet, produced a collection of graves in a serial of interlocking caves. On the walls, were pictograms of the celestial sky, connected by dots. In the graves, were the remains of humanoids that were not like any known. The skeletons had oversized craniums, and short, spindly limbs, and all were much shorter than normal. The team members considered that maybe these were the skeletons of apes, but as the archeologist Dr. Chi Pu Tei reportedly said, Whoever heard of apes burying each other?Soon afterward, Dr. Tei, discovered a disk-shaped pitfall in the appal of the cave which had a perfectly round hole in the center and an etched line spiraling outward on the s intoneThe team unearthed hundreds of these ancient carved stones buried in the floor of the cave, obviously remnants of a people who lived 12,000 years ago.With a magnifying glass, closer inspection was done of the groove in the stones, which so resembled an ancient phonograph record. It was a record, but not of the musical variety, unless you count the strange tone it made when they later spun the stone on a rushshift turntable. The score (pun intended) was really a invariable line of hieroglyphics. In 1962, Dr. Tsum Um Nui began to transcribe the writings, and decode them. He discerned that the stones told the story of the Dropa, who came down from the clouds in their aircraft (AncientX).As the story went, they were stranded after a crash-landing, and before the topical anaesthetic people understood that they were peaceful, and were repulsed by their appearance, so they track down them down and even killed some. The Dropa were unable to repair their aircraft in order to return to their home planet. Today, it is known that there are two tribes indigenous to the area who possess odd anatomical featureslarger heads, shorter bodies, yellowish skin. The local lore about these invaders that came from the sky matches the bodies found in the cave.Nui composed a paper for submission to the university, regarding the confine of the Dropa Stone messages but was denied publication by the Academy of Prehistory, and he was even told not to discuss his findings. The University matt-up that the world could not be told of the story of the Dropa, who apparently came to earth from another planet in a space craft, crash-landed and were subsequently stranded.But the information did beg the question about possible descendants having survived, and the connecter this i nformation might have with the history of the ancient Sumerians. All cultures since then commonly believed that they were descended from heavenly beings. This is perhaps an indication of the accuracy of oral tradition. But many other hieroglyphs and petroglyphs and petrographs around the world speak of this event, and a great deal depict spacecraft and other-worldly beings.Contrary to our wishes, there can be no absolutes in some never-ending questions. The possibility that alien life forms visited the Earth is one of those examples. I dont believe anyone has enough empirical evidence to take a staunch position on the existence of extraterrestrial visitations, versus the non existence of them. Therefore , conclusions one way or another are merely postulates, theories and entertainments.What can be known, is that technologically advanced cultures have existed in antiquity, and that there is compelling evidence that these might have been influenced by intelligent life from another p lanet. Without empirical proof, however, the questions remain a mystery. There are other considerations that must be addressed. The capability of aliens to visit our planet, would naturally suggest a technologically advanced civilization far exceeding our own. Therefore, had they wanted to make themselves clearly known, they could have. The fact that they havent revealed themselves boldly, can mean either they do not wish to for whatever reason, or that they do not exist.With mounting evidence indicating the existence of these other worldly beings, it becomes more and more difficult to ignore the possibilities, and more and more likely that we may all find ourselves questioning the paradigm of our crowning(prenominal) source. With the elliptical orbit of Planet X/Nibiru expected to make its 3600 year pass near Earth in 2013, we may be doomed to another impact that will create a new Earth 3, or we may find ourselves shaking hands with a visiting delegation of Anunnaki. both way, no thing will ever be the same again.Works CitedAncientX Jason Martells Research. The 12,000 Year Old Dropa Stones. 2006. Retrieved on 22 October 2006 from http//ancientx.com/nm/anmviewer.asp?a=61.Crystal, Ellie. Ancient Egyptian Flying Vehicles.. Crystalinks. 2006. Retrieved on 21 October 2006 from http//www.crystalinks.com/ancientaircraft.htm.Freer, Neil. Sumerian horticulture and the Anunnaki. UFO Evidence. 2006. Retrieved on 20 October 2006 from http//www.ufoevidence.org/documents/doc147.htm.Sitchin, Zecharia. The Case of Adams Alien Genes. 2001. Retrieved on 21 October 2006 from http//www.sitchin.com/adam.htm.XFacts Research. 2003. Retrieved on 21 October 2006 from http//xfacts.com/x.htm.