History of All Saints Church Margaret Street

History of each(prenominal) Saints church mental synthesis Margaret driveway1.0 INTRODUCTIONFigure 1 on the whole told Saints Margaret thoroughfare exclusively Saints Margaret Street, (1849-59) a al close to hidden graceful perform that fortuitously had pointed out by Hengry-Russell Hitchcock more than 40 twelvemonths ago and flat the church building service had listed Grade 1 Angli arsehole Church in Lon founder, England(1).William Butterfield was the couturier who conceptioned this twist and this church had been said as Butterfields masterpiece.This church marks a turning point in the Gothic revitalization twist style its to a fault a tip building on High Victorian Gothic style that can potray British clothes designerure around 1850 to 1870.This church was built as a sit church of Ecclesiological Society(2)and the church stands on the north position of Margaret thoroughfare in Fitzrovia, thats a get into near Oxford Street. Its situated in an passing narrow site and is set back from mainstreet in a elegant court yard between the vicarage and the choir school.(3)__________________________________________________________(1) Saints, Margaret Street, procurable on http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ solely_Saints,_Margaret_Street, accessed on 3th whitethorn 2015, 0445pm.(2) Sir Banister Fletcher, A History of Architecture nineteenth Edition, England, Borough Green, Sevenoaks, Kent TN15 8PH, UK, page 1095(3) All Saints Margaret Street-capital of the f whole in Kingdoms Hidden Victorian Gothic Masterpiece, obtainable on http//www.guidedwalksincapital of the United Kingdom.co.uk/blog/read_81612/all-saints-margaret-street-londons-hidden-victorian-gothic-masterpiece.html, accessed on 3th whitethorn 2015, 0505pm.2.0 expression HistoryFigure2 F bolshieerick Oakeley characterization initiation for sale on http//www.hymnary.org/person/Oakeley_F accessed on sixth may 2015, 0101amFigure 3 William Dodsworth portrait commencement on tap(predicate) on http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Dodsworth accessed on sixth whitethorn 2015, 0103 amAll Saints got a lot of muniment that when it stands on Margaret Street since 1760s.The church had proceeded a lots of thing such as the various gradation of Dissent and Low-Churchism until 1829, William Dodsworth thats a Tractarian turn the chapel services incumbent and he afterwards converted to Roman Catholicism, same like one of his supremacyors who are Federick Oakeley. Federick Oakeley said the chapel as a complete paragon of ugliness it means that he dont like the chapel design and think it was actually hideous at the time before he resign the chapels inclument and this word had gave the Idea to rebuild the chapel as the correct ecclesiastic style that he think near. This make chapel idea had success collected a sum of almost 30, 000 for the rebuilding purpose. After this escape he was succeeded by his assistant that is William Upton Richards and he was decided to carry on this rebuilding chapel plan.In 1845, Alexander Beresford said that this plan can combined with the come out of the Cambridge Camden Society that they want to found a set church and his proposal had approved by Upton Richards, George Chandler who are the rector of totally Souls, and Charles Blomfield, the Bishop of capital of the United Kingdom. Sir Stephen Glynne and Sir Alexander Beresford Hope had appointed by the Cambridge Camden Society to take the richly control and oversee work of the sinfulitectural and ecclesiological aspects. Sir Stephen Glynne was unable to actively enroll in this project and only Sir Alexander Beresford Hope took the charge of this rebuilding project.(4)After the plan had confirmed, William Butterfield was selected as the interior designer of this rebuild chapel project and this is a curious choice and they excessively paid Margaret street 14, 500.(4)The furthermost services for the old chapel was on Easter Monday, 1850.After that the foundation jewel of the raw building was laid All Saints Day of the year by Edward Bouverie P drug abusey. The services was held on the other(a) temporary chapel thats in Titchfield Street for the next nine long time because of the rebuild construction for the new chapel. On 28 May 1859, the new church was finally completed the rebuild and the chapel had consecrated by Dr Trait who are the Bishop of London at that time(5). The total cost for the new church was a exceedingly cost, including the site cost and endowments the cost was around 70, 000. The donation helped the church a lot on this rebuilt project.___________________________________(4) English Church Architecture- City of Westminister London Borough. All Saints, Margaret Street (TQ 292 815) available on http//www.english-church-architecture.net/london city of westminster/all saints, margaret street/all_saints, _margaret_street.htm, accessed on 6th May 2015, on 0129 am.(5)All Saints, Margaret Street , available on http//en.wikip edia.org/wiki/All_Saints, _Margaret_Street, accessed on 6th May 2015, on 0140AM.3.0 Architecture of buildAll Saints by William Butterfield had brought a new grandeur to the Gothic revitalization building style and the Gothic Revival style was popular during the 1800s.geomorphologic Polychromy had became Butterfields habitual contri preciselyion to the Gothic Revivalist style of church architecture and the structural polychromy is the used of drab material e p crafticular(a)ly colliery and bricks and covers to make a building where colour and pattern are special in the structure. (6) In 2014 Simon Thurley who are the Chief Executive of English inheritance had listed All Saints as one of the ten most important building in England. Sir John Betjeman had said the design of the church acquainted Butterfield going on from where the Middle Age left off. Charles Locke Eastlake who was the 19th century architect and writer had wrote Butterfields design was a bold and magnificent init iative to shake off the trammels of antiquarian precedent, which had long fettered the progress of the Revival, to piddle not a new style , but development of old styles. John Ruskin the Victorian critic had wrote something after seeing All Saints and he wrote Having through with(p) this, we may do boththingand I believe it to be practical for us, not only to equal, but far to surpass, in some respects, any Gothic yet seen in Northern countries.(7)___________________________________(6) All Saints Church, Margaret Street, Church London, United Kingdom, available on http//global.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/15911/All-Saints-Church-Margaret-Street, accessed on 6th May 2015, 0159 AM.(7) All Saints, Margaret Street , available on http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Saints, _Margaret_Street, accessed on 6th May 2015, on 0228AM.Figure 4 All Saints, Margaret Street exteriorSource available on http//www.londonarchitectureblog.com/search?q=all+saints+margaret+street+ accessed on 6th May 2015, 0730AM3.1 Building ExteriorFor the building exterior William Butterfield had use the acquaint building material that is red brick. The churchs contrast to the other Gothic Revival churches of the 1840s that is common built by the grey Kentish ragstone and All Saints had been built by the red bricks. At that time most of the tacky churches use the red brick as the building material but Butterfield chose the red brick and this church is the first important building where brick was used decoratively. The red brick leave alone banded and patterned with the black bricks and the sipre is banded with stone. All the decoration allow for make into the structure and this made All Saints the first example of structure polychromy in London.(8) The broach spire soaring 69 meter last and it was the second height in London and it still visible in a higher place and between the shops at a few of point along the Oxford street. The columns internally include Aberdeen granite, serpentine, veined oriental alabaster, the so-called Derbyshire fossil marble actually is a hard limestone capable of taking polish and among the true marbles, red Languedoc, white- snappyred Sienna and discolour Connemara. And this such a palette actually rather planetary for William Butterfield that showed he was discriminate in favor for vernacular materials. William Butterfield had made his the silk hat use of the limited space that available such about carbon square that is church guide and placing his church along the back and vista out a courtyard at the front, covered by the place of vicar stay thats call vicarage on the right side and a parish on the left side. The only windows able to be constructed in the North side of the clerestory because of adjoined other buildings to the north and easterly. The rule is the most striking feature for the external which has angle buttresses reaching up to the make of the bellstage and the bell-opening stands of two actually tall and narr ow. Twolight geometric bell-opening per paries and set together in the recessed rectangles with denticulation in moulded brick above.and a beset spire which is clearly the product its author. The pattern in the brickwork at the church consist chiefly of a rich of horizontal bands, zigzag and lozenges(9). As All Saints was a metropolitan church and there was a smoke of money available for the church rebuild, William Butterfield no need to limit himself on the basis of the generous capital for him to design this masterpiece. The church had success occupy people attention and although it had its critics and it was potent source for an entire generation of British architects.___________________________________(8) All Saints, Margaret Street , available on http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Saints, _Margaret_Street, accessed on 6th May 2015, on 0758 AM(9) ) English Church Architecture- City of Westminister London Borough. All Saints, Margaret Street (TQ 292 815) available on http//www. english-church-architecture.net/london city of westminster/all saints, margaret street/all_saints, _margaret_street.htm, accessed on 6th May 2015, on 0820 am.3.2 Building InteriorFigure 5 All Saints Margaret Streets interior, available on http//www.londonarchitectureblog.com/search?q=all+saints+margaret+street+, accessed on 6th May 2015 1030AMAll Saints, Margaret Street also very notable for its beautiful interior design and decoration. The interior of All Saints is more brightly coloured than the exterior of the church. The churchs interior is richly modify with granite, marble, alabaster and tiles. Nikolaus Pevsner, the architectural historian had telling the churchs interior as dazzling, through in an eminently High Victorian ostentatiousness or obtrusiveness. No part the sea circumvent is left undecorated. From everywhere the praise of the sea captain is drummed into you.Figure 6Churchs layout plan of the church from the 1856 Builder, available on http//www.victorianweb.o rg/art/architecture/butterfield/6.html, accessed on 6th May 2015, 1105AMA three-bay nave and two-bay chancel running along the center had formed in the building. On the North side, from the west to east thats a three-bay aisle, a short Lady Chapel and organ chamber thats fire about half a bay short of the East. At the southern thats a two-bay aisle alongside the two eastern bays of the nave, leading into another chapel with vestry far to the east, and into a baptistery get over by the tower and spire to the west side and there is also a small S. porch. The baptistery is divided by a hale wall thats from the westernmost bay of the nave, no scared about the structural necessity because the wall can support the weight of the tower above(10). Thats a series of painting on decorated wall covered at the east wall of the chanel thats painted by Ninian Comper in 1909 and William Dyce was the people who work as the restoration at the forward time. At the north side wall a large ceramic tile freized had been decorated at there and designed by William Butterfield. The wall describe out a variety of figures from the Old Testament, a of import Navity scene depictions of Early Church Fatherd and it painted by Alexander Gibbs and dismissed by Hengry Poole and Sons in 1873(10).The stained glass windows are limited in the church because of the density of the buildings around All Saints and that are mostly located in the upper part of the building. Alfred Gerente but this designed the original windows but his work was not held in high regard and then replaced. The sooner fitted largest west window by Gerente in 1853-1858 was replaced in 1877 by a design by Alexander Gribbs based on the Tree of Jesse window in Wells Cathedral. The clerestorys glass date from 1853 and Michael OConnor designed the east window of the south chancel aisle which show Christ in Majesty with ST Edward and St Augustine.The baptistery in the south-west recession of the church was features an image of the Pelican in her Piety in the ceiling tiles thats a symbol of the fall and redemption of man(11). The nave arcades are formed by cluster of four major and four minor deeply-cut stiff leafage capitals, supporting two centred arches bearing waves and rolls with fillets. The churchs spandrels are decorated embed b the coloured stone and mastic. The nave roof is characterized above all by the way in which its painted arched support simulate stone. The painted wall tiles was depicting between other tableaus. The chancel arch from the corbel shafts and half arches had cross the aisles between the aisles and chapels. The chancel had vaulted in two quadripartile bays and add of a ridge rib which done by William Butterfield and the wall were painted and gilded shortly as what William Butterfield wished. The Minton floor-tile patterns cover the the All Saints show the ordinary build-up in effect as one passes from east to west. As usual, Butterfield was very attention on his font and tree stump. Maybe the pulpit is a little heavy but the decoration is still very nice. The brown marble shafts with stiff leaf capitals supported the drum and the green narrower shafts surrounded it.(12)___________________________________(10) All Saints, Margaret Street , available on http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Saints, _Margaret_Street, accessed on 6th May 2015, on 0920 AM.(11) All Saints, Margaret Street , available on http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All_Saints, _Margaret_Street, accessed on 7th May 2015, on 1005 AM.(12) ) English Church Architecture- City of Westminister London Borough. All Saints, Margaret Street (TQ 292 815) available on http//www.english-church-architecture.net/london city of westminster/all saints, margaret street/all_saints, _margaret_street.htm, accessed on 8th May 2015 on 1130 AM.4.0 ARCHITECT, WILLIAM BUTTERFIELDFigure 7 William Butterfields portraitSource William Butterfield available onhttp//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Butterfield accessed on8th M ay 2015, 0139 PMWilliam Butterfield, born on 7 September 1814 and dead on 23 February 1900 when he was 85 years old. A British architect potent in the Gothic Revival architecture style in England. sometime(prenominal) he had been called as the Oxford stools most original architect and he also introduced an architectural realism thats including materials of contrasting textures and shot patterns clearly expressed. He is also noted for his polychromy thats the practice of decorating architectural element, sculpture thats in a variety colour..Conservative estimates he had done 25 architectural projects included churches, school and hospital, 67 drawings are design for the ecclesiastical objects.(13)4.1 BIOGRAPHYWilliam Butterfield was one of the nine children in his family and he live in a seriously non-conformist family but he was a very high church despite his non-conformist family .His father operated a chemists shop in The Strand, London(14). He was educated locally until he wa s 16 years old he started apprenticed to a builder in Pimlico thats invoke Thomas Arber. But later William Butterfield later went to psychoanalyze architecture with an architect name EL Blackburn because of the Thomas Barber later went bankrupt. After his study he became an assistant and articled to an architect name Harvey Eginton thats practicing in Worceseter . In 1840 he moved back to where he belong and launched his own architectural practice at Lincolns Inn Fields, London, England. This was the early life of the William Butterfield but his early life did not change his career and his architectural concept in the future.(15) From 1842 William Butterfield associate modishly with the Cambridge Camden Society and later develop into the Ecclesiological Society. This Society was set up by the students of Cambridge Univesity and they set up this society is for studying Gothic architecture in general and church in particular. They became one of the effect in uphold a return to the Gothic Style of architecture in England. He gave a lot of designs to the Societys journal thats The Ecclesiologist at the caught up in the Oxford Movement thats a serious movement begun by John Keble thats aim for reinvigorate the English Anglican Church. William Butterfields design was in a mediaval Gothic style thats known as Gothic Revival or Victorian Gothic. umpteen buildings include his style such as churches, secular buildings thats schools and colleges(16). i of his church design was All Saints, Margaret Street, in London thats a style of building rapidly increasing throughout Britain and to every deferral of the Empire in every urban buildings and churches alike. After All Saints, Margaret Street he went to design other churches, but there is one building he will remember all the time thats Keble College, Oxford University.(17) The college was unanimously of red bricks and emphasize with black and white brick to make creation of chequerboard patterns. The chapel had been called a monument to High Victorian Gothic it also called as he masterpiece to the High Victorian Gothic. The best thing for the chapel thats William Butterfield think was it contains Holmans painting The Light of The World. Unfortunately, William Butterfields polychrome style like all things in the world of art and architecture.it faded. After year 1875, the public begin to forget his design and he became less in requirement in the public. William Butterfield had put all of himself to his interests beyond architecture and used his hand and knowledge to design the church interior decoration and future. He liked to use the high quality and enduring material in all of his design. He was such a tranquillity man but he got a deeply religious for his conviction. tight and austere was his personal priciples and this principle showed on his design. He know how to use the polychrome scheme with a strong massing of shapes and the high steeples. He also used very strong colour but he pre ferable not to spoiled the colour of the materials provided. He used the marble, alabaster, stone, brick, colour tile and also mosaic that extensively to provide decorative colour for his philosophy(18). The famous buildings William Butterfield had design was Balliol College Chapel, Oxford , St Augustines Church in Penarth Glamorgan), Rugby School, Dorchester Abbey.In year 1884, William Butterfield received an award thats RIBA Gold Medal. After 6 years in 1900 , he dead in London. He was buried in Tottenham Cemetery, Haringey thats North side of London. The grave can saw soft from the public path through the cemetery. A blue plaque had apparently states William Butterfield, 1814-1900, Architect lived here and just simply recognized on it.