Critical Thinking The Ability to Think for Ones Self Essay

Critical thinkers have the ability to think on a higher level. A process for thinking critically is required that will bring about decisions and ideas that will provide for a better life for ourselves and those around us. Most of us take thinking for granted. However, we develop as critical thinkers when we open ourselves to recognizing the strengths and weakness’ of our own thinking. Higher order thinking comes into play when choosing a presidential candidate, or sitting on a jury for a murder trial, or deciding if we need nuclear power plants, or when determining the effects of global warming. As a critical thinker, one becomes a more responsible, contributing member of society. (Schafersman, S.D., 1991). To put us on the road to†¦show more content†¦To have intellectual humility requires us to first recognize our own ignorance. This is not to say that we are stupid, but that we lack â€Å"†¦intellectual arrogance, pretentiousness, boastfulness, or conceitâ₠¬  (Paul Elder, 2006, pg. 10). Recognizing that we are ignorant about a subject lets us see â€Å"†¦the prejudices, false beliefs, and habits of mind that lead to flawed learning† (Paul Elder, 2006, pg. 11). We cannot be fair-minded about a subject we do not know. This brings us to Intellectual courage. Intellectual courage will require looking past popular beliefs of society and this will include one’s own closely held beliefs and ideas. We cannot allow ourselves to feel threatened by ideas that conflict with our own identity. When intellectual courage has been acquired, a person can move past the fear of rejection from their peers. Critical thinkers do not identify themselves by their own belief. Instead, a critical thinker will use the process to form a belief. This allows for fair mindedness. After all, it is truth of a matter that we seek. Another trait of fair mindedness is intellectual empathy. When we demonstrate empathy, we are putting ourselves in the position of another person and seeing things through their viewpoints and reasoning. It is not possible to be a fair minded thinker if we do not try to understand another’s thinking. â€Å"If we do not learn how to take on others’ perspectives and to accurately think as they think, we will not beShow MoreRelatedCritical Thinking1715 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿KENYATTA UNIVERSITY SCHOOL: HOSPITALITY AND TOURISM DEPARTMENT: TOURISM UNIT CODE: UCU 103 UNIT TITLE: INTRODUCTION TO CREATIVE AND CRITICAL THINKING GROUP MEMBERS NAMES: REG.NO. CONTACTS SIGN GEOFFREY A.G T12S/8705/2013 0728812037 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. PETER WAMBUI T12S/19590/2013 0726581625 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. ROSE WACHIRA T12S/21534/2013 0717236599 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦... NASSIUMA PURITY T12S/21394/2013 0702057789 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦... RADHI OLANG’O T12S/19632/2013 0704290026 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ CHEMUTAI DAISY T12S/19632/2013 0702645207Read MoreTeaching Critical Thinking For Young Learners Essay1394 Words   |  6 Pagespurpose of this research is to show how teaching critical thinking to young learners result in higher level critical thinking adults. Critical thinking children become critical thinking adults. Critical thinking, itself is a multi-faceted, multi-concept, multi-discipline process, that is skilled and accuracy-based. According to Paul, critical thinking involves an abundance of elements including clarity, relevancy, precision, and consistency. Critical thinking is full of sub-categories, where processesRead MoreCritical Thinking Is Different From Just Thinking943 Words   |  4 PagesCritical thinking is different from just thinking. It is deeper thought process that involves thinking about your thinking.(PearsonHighered) It is likely that I already have views on what is okay and not okay: what it is, what its influence is to people. I have these views even if I haven’t formulated them specifically for myself. Each view is an example of thinking, but not necessarily an example of critical thinking. Critical thinking starts once I reflect on my thinking: Why do I have these viewsRead MoreCritical Thinking By Edward Glaser1285 Words   |  6 PagesFebruary 2016 Critical Thinking In a inspiring study on critical thinking and education in 1941, Edward Glaser defines critical thinking as â€Å"The ability to think critically, as conceived in this volume, involves three things: (1) an attitude of being disposed to consider in a thoughtful way the problems and subjects that come within the range of one s experiences, (2) knowledge of the methods of logical inquiry and reasoning, and (3) skill in applying those methods. Critical thinking calls for aRead MoreBarriers to Critical Thinking941 Words   |  4 PagesBarriers to Critical Thinking When thinking critically, it is impossible to say that many of us have not come to some kind of barrier in our thought process. Not to say that we cannot overcome them though. All of us have opinions and ideas on just about everything and anything. And those opinions and thoughts could be something that is ingrained in your very being or something you picked up along your path. Those opinions and ideas could be holding you back from thinking critically, even thoughRead MoreWhat Is Critical Thinking?1033 Words   |  5 Pagesis Critical Thinking? As people going to school and getting a higher level of education, the teacher will ask them to think critically. Critical thinking is not just thinking normally but to think it deeply. When one person has a different point of view or idea with some other people make then that person should use his own point of view and think logically to prove his idea is correct and this action call critical thinking. In this essay, I will state that analyze thinking, logical thinking, andRead MoreEssay about Critical Thinking: A Necessary Tool for Decision Making1296 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract This paper will define the meaning of critical thinking. I will provide an example of a personal experience when critical thinking had to be used. This paper will also examin the benefits and importance of using critical thinking during the decision-making process. What is Critical Thinking? Critical thinking is an essential tool to good decision-making. Everyone has biases or prejudices which can hinder good decision making. Critical thinking varies depending on the underlying motivationRead MoreThe Importance Of Critical Thinking1060 Words   |  5 PagesCritical thinking is a prerequisite to rationality. This means that there must be a problem-solving mechanism that seeks to conclude on the expected outcomes. As such, critical thinking is tied around finding solutions to a problem. It is important to note that there is a bias towards the end result to determine whether critical thinking was employed. This makes sense because failing to find a solution to a problem cannot be classified as critical thinking. As Steven Johnson said in Where Good IdeasRead MoreCritical Thinking Decision-Making and Logic: The Backbone of Intelligence1230 Words   |  5 PagesCritical thinking, decision-making, and logic form the backbone of intelligence. Regardless of what career path I may take, and where that path leads, I will continually rely on the skill set and mental habits that comprise critical thinking and logic. My decisions, I hope, are always informed by reason as well as finely honed intuition. Balance, integrity, and common sense will also be my companions. There are some core reasons why critical thinking, decision-making, and logic are critical to myRead MoreHow Was My Ideas And Understanding About Critical Thinking Changed?870 Words   |  4 PagesHow was your ideas and understanding about critical thinking changed? There has been a lot of talk about critical thinking during my four years of nursing school, with an array of different meaning and explanation; some was even unfathomable and baffling. Not so long ago, during my early years as a novice nurse, I didn’t pay much attention to the word, critical thinking. From where I used to work, decision making skills of nurses do not have a strong foundation. Every time there was a problem regarding

Political and Economic Persian and Greek Comparison Essays

Persia and Greece were beautiful and prosperous empires and where the most influential of their time. In this essay I will talk about the two main empires’ political structures and their economy and I will also state similarities and differences between the two empires. The two empires’ political structures might have varied greatly but their economies were very similar. Even though they had differences and had major battles they were still the ideal empires of their time. The Persians had a very good government. Before Persia became known as the largest empire in the world in its time period they were not unified. It wasnt until 522 B.C. that the Persian Empire became unified. Emperor Darius accomplished the real unification of this†¦show more content†¦Therefore replacing barter with the exchange of money. Greece was a very high-class civilization, where the government was based on city-states. Perhaps their greatest invention of all was the form of governme nt they came up with, which we still use today-democracy. However these Greek democracies are nothing like our democracy today. The probably most well known ruler of Greece was Alexander the Great. He was the leader of Macedonia, the city-state that took control over Greece, and he eventually gained control over Greece as a whole. Alexander the Great was probably the best leader of all time in Greece. He conquered new lands, but he was the first person to adopt the new lands customs, instead of forcing his customs on the new territory. This is why many of the civilizations he conquered actually were glad he took them over. He also encouraged his soldiers to marry the women from the new territories to show cultural involvement. The Greek economy was based off of agriculture. They were also colonized to somewhat like the states we have in America. Their main crops and trade products were grapes, olives, and wine. The Greek commerce and trade by sea is what made all of the Greek city-s tates as wealthy and important as they were. The Greeks were often called â€Å"The Masters of the Mediterranean† because of their skillful seafaring. The Greek and Persian civilization had a lot of similarities andShow MoreRelatedAncient Greece, Rome, And Persian Essay2093 Words   |  9 PagesCulture Comparison The civilizations that I decided to elaborate on are Greece, Rome, and Persian. The purpose of this essay is to compare and contrast the similarities and differences of these civilizations. These civilizations will be analyzed in the area of their cultural, social, political, economic, diplomatic and military collating. Greece, Rome, and Persian are very distinctive and fascinating civilization. From the information I have learned through the semester will help me sharply juxtaposeRead MoreAlexander The Great Was Responsible For Developing World1479 Words   |  6 PagesDuring the fourth century, the ancient world was rocked by a dynamic political figure from the unlikely territory of Macedon. Alexander the Great was responsible for developing one of the largest empires the ancient world had ever witnessed. His military campaigns yielded major territorial gains across multiple continents, earning him incredible authority and prestige up to his untimely death. With the Macedonian thr one newly vacant, a power vacuum developed as military elites sought to seize controlRead MoreThe Complete Persepolis By Marjane Satrapi1552 Words   |  7 PagesThroughout The Complete Persepolis by Marjane Satrapi the idea of inequality is introduced through several examples. Marjane Satrapi uses the title to comment on inequality in all aspects of Marjane’s life, including gender, religious, economic, and racial status. Although there are several forms of inequality that the title attempts to highlight within the story, it focuses primarily on the issues of gender inequality by comparing the issues that Marjane faces due to her gender and comparing itRead MoreAncient Greece and Greek Gods Essay1675 Words   |  7 Pages | |nation in comparison | | | | | | | | |to their own. | | | | | |Babylonian |2000 – 539 BCE |The Babylonian political structure|Hammurabi’s code. |Humans’ responsibility toRead MoreWorld History AP8768 Words   |  36 Pageswere impressive because of the impact they had on regions that they conquered; their sheer size and the number of subjects over which they ruled; their military conquests; and their monumental architecture, often associated with the promotion of political authority. †¢ Their use of force in the creation of empires and their use of coercion to extract resources, particularly from conquered peoples, offer a strong argument that they were destructive and oppressive. 4. Do you think that the classicalRead MoreChanges in Democracy: from Early Athenian to Present Day Politics1900 Words   |  8 Pagesin a democracy have been drastically changed from their original meanings and diluted into persuasive political language to become mere rhetoric as opposed to meaningful concepts of ethical and moral value. The word democracy is thrown around to make convincing, patriotic speeches that many times are utilized to usurp the rights and property of peoples in the name of this most sacred of political concepts in the history of western civilization. In order to better understand the true meaning of thisRead MoreThe Athenian And Roman Empires7856 Words   |  32 Pagesformed a traditional locus of social, political, and economic organization. Thoughts on cities during the second century AD continued to be seen as important hubs of society within the Roman Empire. By the middle of the second century AD, Greece had been a subject territory to Rome for nearly two hundred years. Greeks were certainly not pleased to have an imperial master, but many adjusted and ingrained themselves into the new world order. The works of a Greek orator and rhetorician from Asia MinorRead MoreAp World History Units 1-3 Study Guide Essay4374 Words   |  18 Pagesover southern Africa can be best explained by their * Knowledge of agriculture 5. Characteristics of complex civilizations * Specialization of labor * Trade and cultural diffusion * Written languages * Complex political order and power 6. Evidence proves that the Mesopotamians * Traded extensively with peoples as far away as Anatolia, Egypt, India 7. Major effect of Neolithic Revolution * The establishment of sedentary village communities Read MoreDifferences Between Egyptian And Egyptian Civilization Essay861 Words   |  4 Pagesgreat respect to women at least in the upper classes, in part because marriage alliances were vital to the preservation and stability of the monarchy, Also, Egyptian religion included more pronounced deference to goddesses as sources of creativity. Comparison suggests civilization that varied substantially because of largely separate origins and environments. The distinction in overall tone was striking, with Egypt being more stable and cheerful in relations to beliefs about gods and the afterlife butRead MoreAlexander the Great Essay13163 Words   |  53 PagesALEXANDER THE GREAT BY: JOHN J. POPOVIC CATEGORY: HISTORY – GREEK HISTORY ALEXANDER THE GREAT ΑÎ »ÃŽ µÃŽ ¾ÃŽ ±ÃŽ ½ÃŽ ´Ã ÃŽ ¿ÃÆ' ÃŽ  ÃŽ ·ÃŽ ¹ÃŽ »ÃŽ ¹Ãâ‚¬Ãâ‚¬ÃŽ ¿Ãâ€¦ ÃŽÅ"ÃŽ ±ÃŽ ºÃŽ µÃŽ ´ÃŽ ¿ÃŽ ½ÃŽ ¿ÃŽ ½, Alexander the Invincible, later renamed by the Romans, Alexandros Philippou Makedonon, Alexander III the Great of Macedon (356-323 B.C.) PROJECT by John J. Popovic Alexander accomplished greater deeds than any other ruler before or after him. This project is dedicated to the most charismatic and heroic king of all times. Edition 9.2 SYNOPSIS Introduction Alexanders

Attachment Theory By John Bowlby - 981 Words

Attachment theory constituted by John Bowlby suggested the child’s early attachment with a primary caregiver predicts their later adulthood relationship style. There are three patterns of adult attachment theory: secure, avoidant, and ambivalent relationship styles. First, the secure relationship style shows few problems with developing satisfying friendships and relationships, such as trusting others and developing the bond with others (Larson Buss, 2014). Second, the avoidant relationship style portrays by having difficulty in making commitments, relying on others, and trusting others because they are afraid of being disappointed (Larson Buss, 2014). Lastly, the ambivalent relationship style is characterized as having high levels of neediness, reassurance, and attention in their relationships as they are overly dependent (Larson Buss, 2014). Shieh shows few characteristics that describe avoidant relationship style, such as, avoidance of intimacy, afraid of commitment, and fear of being abandoned. He did not realize his problems with dating until he was in a serious relationship with Donna. Johnny Shieh began to date when he was in optometry school in Boston; hence he has never been in a serious relationship. He blamed it on his settlement because he was living three different cities for school. He went to the University of Waterloo, for undergraduate science program for four years, and then moved to College of Boston for optometry school for an additional fourShow MoreRelatedJohn Bowlby : An Attachment Theory1830 Words   |  8 Pageschildren can form close attachments with a number of people. These emotional bonds that children develop with their parents and other caregivers are vital for their personal, social and emotional development. A child with secure attachment feels able to rely on their parents and caregivers for safety and comfort and uses these important attachment relationships as bases from which they explore and learn about the world. John Bowlby (1907-90) has made an attachment theory. He believed that relationshipsRead MoreThe Attachment Theory By John Bowlby Essay2611 Words   |  11 Pagesthe life parables, birth place, and experiences that make us, us. Personality Theory: The Attachment Theory. Our first relationship in life tends to be the mother. The attachment theory by John Bowlby emphasizes the importance and need of attachment. In addition, Mary Ainsworth created the idea that there are three styles of attachment. These include secure attachment, ambivalent attachment, and avoidant attachment. Despite some problems my parents had, I feel that I was loved and cared for theRead MoreAttachment Theory By John Bowlby881 Words   |  4 PagesAttachment theory, developed by John Bowlby, Attachment is defined as the formation of a psychological and emotional relationship between an infant and its primary caregiver. It’s also a pattern of relational style that the child learns from the adults and caregivers whom play the largest role in the child’s life. That pattern is learned in early childhood and thought to repeat itself throughout an individual’s life, in both their social and romantic relationships. Secure attachment tends to beRead MoreAttachment Theory By John Bowlby1976 Words   |  8 Pages Attachment theory constituted by John Bowlby suggested the child’s early attachment with primary caregiver predicts their later adulthood relationship style. There are three patterns of adult attachment theory: secure, avoidant, and ambivalent relationship styles. First, the secure relationship style shows few problems with developing satisfying friendships and relationships, such as trusting others and developing the bond with others (Larson Buss, 2014). Second, the avoidant relationshipRead MoreJohn Bowlby s Theory Of Attachment1581 Words   |  7 Pagesoccur in the prenatal development, infancy and childhood, as new-borns develop into young adulthood capable of becoming a parent themselves. This assignment will discuss the developmental stage of a chosen child scenario and apply to John Bowlby’s theory of attachment. It will also discuss the key safeguarding issues within the child scenario and how they could have been prohibited. Scenario The chosen child scenario for this assignment is Paul (see appendix). Paul is six years of age and is theRead MoreJohn Bowlby s Theory Of Attachment1439 Words   |  6 Pagesabout John Bowlby and his theory of attachment plus criticisms and how these come into effect in practice and legislation. Edward John Mostyn Bowlby was born February 27th 1907 and died September 2nd 1990. He was born in London to a middle class family. He was mostly taken care of by his nanny because his parents believed that spending too much time with him could lead to him becoming a spoilt child. At age 7 he was sent to boarding school by his parents. After finishing boarding school Bowlby wentRead MoreThe Pioneer Of Attachment Theory By John Bowlby1826 Words   |  8 PagesOxford, Kelly, Nelson Fleming, 2012). The pioneer of attachment theory, John Bowlby (1969), underscored the importance of child to parent attachments in his landmark trilogy, Attachment and loss (Bowlby, 1982, 1973, 1980). Bowlby’s ideas began to shape research in the field of developmental psychology during the 1960s and promoted research into the precise operationalisation of the ‘attachment’ construct (Woolgar Scott, 2014). Attachment relationships serve the function of providing protectionRead MoreJohn Bowlby s Theory Of Attachment1423 Words   |  6 PagesJohn Bowlby’s theory of attachment asserts that an infant forms an attachment to the primary caregiver to ensure survival. Developmental psychologist Mary Ainsworth furthered this idea by devising attachment styles in infants. Ainsworth believed that the quality of care given by the mother or primary caregiver results in the infant developing a secure or insecure attachment. Ainsworth identified three attachment styles, namely; secure, avoidant and anxious/ambivalent attachments. As the word infersRead MoreThe Theory Of Attachment Proposed By John Bowlby And Mary Ainsworth1177 Words   |  5 Pagesthe characteristics of human nature, which is relationships and attachment. The course materials emphasized the critical role of relationship and attachment to the development of the children. The internship site also provided an opportunity for me to visualize different attachments and relationships between parent and child in action. As the chapter readings from the textbook explore different perspectives of relationship and attachment proposed by various theorists, the class discussions and lectures

Essay Summary of Thoreau - 1207 Words

Synopsis Economy: This is the first chapter and also the longest by far. Thoreau begins by outlining his project: a two-year and two-month stay at a crude cabin in the woods near Walden Pond. He does this, he says, in order to illustrate the spiritual benefits of a simplified lifestyle. He easily supplies the four necessities of life (food, shelter, clothing, and fuel). He meticulously records his expenditures and earnings, demonstrating his understanding of economy, as he builds his house and buys and grows food. For a home and freedom, he spends a mere $25. Complementary Verses: This chapter consists entirely of a poem, The Pretensions of Poverty, by seventeenth-century English poet Thomas Carew. The poem criticizes those who†¦show more content†¦To him, the railroad symbolizes the destruction of the good old pastoral way of life. Following is a description of the sounds audible from his cabin: the church bells ringing, carriages rattling and rumbling, cows lowing, whip-poor-wills singing, owls hooting, frogs croaking, and cockerels crowing. Solitude: Thoreau rhapsodizes about the beneficial effects of living solitary and close to nature. He loves to be alone, for I never found the companion that was so companionable as solitude, and he is never lonely as long as he is close to nature. He believes there is no great value to be had by rubbing shoulders with the mass of humanity. Visitors: Thoreau writes about the visitors to his cabin. Among the 25 or 30 visitors is a young Canadian woodchopper, whom Thoreau idealizes as approaching the ideal man, and a runaway slave, whom Thoreau helps on his journey to freedom in Canada. The Bean-Field: Thoreau relates his efforts to cultivate two and a half acres of beans. He plants in June and spends his summer mornings weeding the field with a hoe. He sells most of the crop, and his small profit of $8.71 covers his needs. The Village: Thoreau visits the small town of Concord every day or two to hear the news, which he finds as refreshing in its way as the rustle of the leaves. Nevertheless, he fondly but rather contemptuously compares Concord to a gopher colony. In late summer, he is arrested for refusing to payShow MoreRelatedThoreau Civil Disobedience Summary1289 Words   |  6 PagesIn the essay Civil Disobedience, author Thoreau states that a government infrequently proves itself useful, as it is often backed up by the majority, instead of following what is truly right. Thoreau argues that people should not allow the government to overrule their consciousness, or make them persons of an injust practice. More importantly he wants his readers to take many of his ideas and put them to work, these things include, not being part of the majority, expressing their own opinion, andRead MoreHumans And The Environment Through Agriculture960 Words   |  4 Pagesagriculture has become a big problem due to things like pesticide, fertilizers and fossil fuel be put into the environment. Thoreau propose that we both eat and respect the natural world because there is a spiritual connection between nature and man, nature should be explored, observed and preserved, and the significance nature on the world. In the chapter â€Å"Higher Laws†, Thoreau starts to talk about the connection between man and spirituality in the way he hunts animals. In the beginning of the chapterRead MoreEssay about Walden: How Thoreau Thought Life Should Be Lived635 Words   |  3 PagesHenry David Thoreau begins his novel of Walden with giving a brief summary on where he is, and the philosophy on why he is there. He also describes how he feels about the people in the society and how he will be narrating the novel. In the first few paragraphs he explains how society judges him about his actions on moving out onto the pond. Thoreau makes clear that this is not a permanent lifestyle, but an experiment on life as a whole. Henry David Thoreau explains that people feel like they haveRead MoreRelation between Men and Nature in Emerson and Thoreau680 Words   |  3 Pages27 Concord and Henry David Thoreau was born in 1817 July12 in Concord and died in 1862 May 6th in Concord. (C-SPAN)Emerson was graduated from Harvard and so was the Thoreau. Henry David Thoreau was young poet of only 20 years old and Emerson was older than him. Thoreau wrote Walden in 1854 and Emerson wrote American scholar in 1837 not only that they have written many articles which was anti government such as ‘American scholar, ‘Walden’ and many more. Emerson and Thoreau have more of comparison thanRead MoreRalph Waldo Emerson And Thoreau975 Words   |  4 Pagescomes to mind; Thoreau and Emerson. Where Emerson and Thoreau were clear examples of Bright Romanticism exemplified by the inclusion of nature, a positive view of mankind, and a poetic style that broke traditional method. Ralph Waldo Emerson exemplified him being a clear examples of Bright Romanticism with his first inclusion of nature. An excerpt talking about the author about this manner can found in Cliff Notes under the title of â€Å"Emerson’s Nature Summary and Analysis writtenRead MoreChris Mccandless And Henry David Thoreau1633 Words   |  7 Pagesissues. On the other hand, Henry David Thoreau is viewed as a calm, steady, and contemplative man with a strong love of nature. Chris McCandless and Henry David Thoreau share many similarities, but they also have defining differences. There are three ways that we can compare these people: Chris went to the woods to escape his past whereas as Thoreau went there to be with nature, Chris was very impulsive while Thoreau was much more mature, and Chris and Thoreau both shared an indifference to materialRead MoreEssay on Thoreaus Civil Disobedience and Walden1529 Words   |  7 PagesHenry David Thoreau (1817-1862) was an American philosopher, author, poet, abolitionist, and naturalist. He was famous for his essay, â€Å"Civil Disobedience†, and his book, Walden. He believed in individual conscience and nonviolent acts of political resistance to protest unfair laws. Moreover, he valued the importance of observing nature, being individual, and living in a simple life by his own values. His writings later influenced the thoughts of Mahatma Gandhi and Martin Luther King, Jr. In â€Å"CivilRead MoreCivil Disobedience By Henry David Thoreau969 Words   |  4 Pages Transcendentalism is an idea that expresses the individuality of a person and his differing beliefs from the current societal opinions. This idea had a few articles written about it such as â€Å"Civil Disobedience† by Henry David Thoreau which in summary states that if you don’t agree with the society’s opinion, you should form your own and fight for it. Another writing about it is â€Å"Self Reliance† by Ralph Waldo Emerson which also basically states that you should follow your heart and not conform toRead MoreThe End Of Solitude By William Deresiewicz1002 Words   |  5 PagesWriting Assignment # 1 â€Å"The End of Solitude† by William Deresiewicz Summary William Deresiewicz is a contemporary writer, reviewer, and literary critic. He taught at Yale University from 1998 to 2008. This essay, The End of Solitude, that Deresiewicz wrote, explains with the mixture of new technology it is becoming almost unheard of for people to be alone. He also goes on explaining that newer generations have no aspiration to be alone because they are afraid toRead MoreHenry David Thoreau1930 Words   |  8 PagesBiographical Summary Henry David Thoreau was born on July 12, 1817 in Concord, Massachusetts, and was the son of John Thoreau, a pencil maker, and Cynthia Dunbar (â€Å"Henry†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Ency. of World). Growing up in a â€Å"modest New England family,† Thoreau was one of four children and was accustomed to living practically (McElroy). As his family was â€Å"permanently poor,† he came to accept a moderate lifestyle, which may have later influenced his thoughts on the necessities of life (â€Å"Henry†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Ency. of World). As a

Marcus Brutus ATragic Hero Essay - 527 Words

In the play The Tragedy of Julius Caesar by William Shakespeare, the character Marcus Brutus fits the definition of the tragic hero. Like other tragic heroes, he had great promise, ability, and integrity of character. However, he had a tragic flaw: He was too trusting. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Brutus had great promise, ability, and strength of character. The fact that he could single-handedly take over the group of conspirators, and completely overrule Cassius demonstrates his strength of character, and his influence on others. Brutus had a very important role in the conspiracy: He was the quot;back-bonequot; of the plan. According to Cassius, Brutus main purpose in the conspiracy is for an insurance policy. The people will think,†¦show more content†¦Cassius is the one who declares this, quot;Brutus shall lead the way, and we will grace his heels with the most boldest and best hearts of Rome. quot;(act 3, scene 1, ll.135-136). Again, if Brutus leads the way, the people will think that the death of Julius Caesar wasnt such a bad thing. Brutus also declares to himself that his role in the conspiracy is to save Rome. He says to the people that, quot;If then that friend demand why Brutus rose against Caesar, this is my answer: not that I love d Caesar less, but that I loved Rome more.quot;(Act 3,scene 2,ll.21-24). nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Brutuss tragic flaw was that he was too trusting. He frankly and honestly felt that he had had to kill Caesar in order to save Rome from tyranny. He trusted Antony not to blame the conspirators in his speech at Caesars funeral. Antony broke that promise and got Brutus and the others into deep trouble. Brutus also trusted Cassius. Cassius only asked Brutus to be a part of the conspiracy as a way of getting closer to Caesar. He never suspected that Brutus would take over the group and become their leader. Cassius thought that he was getting someone to lead the men, but that he would still be the head man. Brutus, however, took all power away from Cassius, and Cassius no longer had any say in the happenings of the group Brutus filled the description of the tragic hero quite well. He was a great man, and everyone knew it. Though

Strategic Human Capital Business Managementâ€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Strategic Human Capital Business Management? Answer: Introduction Human resource management is an approach that helps business organisation in proper management of their workforce using practices, such as performance management, training and development, career development, recruitment and selection, etc. Human resource management is an approach that aims at improving the performance of the workforce by fostering better employee-employer relations and improving the work environment and conditions for the employees[1]. The concept of human resource management has greatly evolved since the industrial revolution and the importance of managing human resources effectively has increased exponentially in the past few decades because of the business environment becoming more competitive and complex. Training and development Training and development is a process that allows business organisations to enhance organisational learning by designing and implementing learning programs that can help employees in learning new skills and technicalities. Training and development is one of the most important core functions in the management of human resources and is considered to be really important from an organisational point of view[2]. In the modern day business world of global competition, business organisations are facing tough competition and market changes that are occurring in real time. In order to cope up with the changing market trends and to remain competitive, it has become important for business organisations to continuously design and implement training and development programs so that the workforce can remain competitive and can perform better by learning new skills and competencies. Company Background and problem analysis ABC Group of Institutes is an Indian company that has been offering education to the children since 1989. The institute was started by a school teacher and was aimed at educating the children during their holidays for certain subjects that were not a part of their school syllabus. The institute received a great response throughout the country and today, the company has almost 58 institutes in different cities of the country, where expert provide education to the students in different fields, such as computers, music, dance, yoga, and many other hobbies. The ABC Group of Institute, today, has an approximately workforce of 2,300 employees who educate over 48,500 students every year in a variety of subjects and hobbies. The institute has been performing very well but has failed to incorporate the changing technology in its business operations with the lapse of time. ABC Group of Institutes is still using manual practices to carry out and manage most of its business operations, such as record keeping of students and of teachers, time table for students and teachers, financial statements, etc. The inability of the institute to incorporate latest technological trends in the management of its business operations is making its lose its competitive edge in the market. Therefore, the management has decided to acquire and implement an ERP business suite, also known as an Enterprise Resource Planning software, that will be specially designed to tailor to the needs of the institute and will help the management in carrying out the operations of the institute in a more effective manner. To increase the effectiveness of the change, the management of the institute has also discovered that there is an urgent need to design and implement a training and development program that will help in increasing the knowledge of the employees in the field of ERP business suite and technology so that they can perform business operations with a greater efficiency. Training Need Analysis Training need analysis is an approach that is aimed at analysing the training needs of a workforce so that appropriate training and development programs can be implemented to help the workforce in achieving the skills that they lack. Analysing the right training needs of the employees is highly important for business organisations because a failure to analyse the right training needs can lead to designing and implementation of a training program that can be targeted at imparting the wrong skill set and cause high wastage of resources and time[3]. The management of the institute has taken some serious steps that have been helpful in analysing the right training needs of the employees that are working in the institute. The training need of the employees have been identified using the following strategies: First of all, the company had implemented a new performance management system throughout the nation in the last 18 months, which was aimed at measuring the performance of the teachers as well as of the managers in carrying out their job roles and responsibilities. The management incorporated some important key performance indicators in the performance management program, such as number of errors in records, time taken for record keeping, clarity of records, ease of information availability, etc. The management accessed the performance of the employees on a regular basis and was able to identify a major area of weakness i.e. the manual work operations of the institute. The management found that the way in which the institute was managing its student records, human resources, finances, etc. was not efficient enough and the employees required to undergo a training program that would assist them in gaining information on how to use technology to manage work operations [4]. A major advantage of using performance management as a tool for analysing the training needs it that it gives accurate and reliable results. By analysing the performance of individuals, departments and of an organisational on the whole, it becomes easier for human resource managers to analyse the gaps in actual performance and expected performance and identify the skills that are missing in the workforce. In short, analysing the training needs through a performance management system always helps in analysing the right training needs and avoiding errors in the assessment process. Secondly, the institute also took an initiative to design and implement regular employee surveys where the management as well as the teachers were required to fill in anonymous questionnaires that contained important questions related to the work operations and employees job satisfaction. The management also added certain questions in the questionnaire that were aimed at gaining information about the training needs the employees. Some questions included in the survey were: Do you think that the workforce is efficient in its work? Do you think you have the all those competencies that are required to fulfil your job duties and responsibilities? Do you think that there are certain skills which the workforce lacks and can perform better if those skills are learned by them? From the employee feedback survey, it was identified that the employees lacked skills and competencies in the field of technology and could perform better if they knew how to use information systems to carry out the work operations of the institute [5]. An advantage of using anonymous employee survey to identify the training needs of the workforce is that the results of the technique are highly accurate. For identifying the training needs, no other source can be as effective and reliable as the employees themselves. Further, the fact that the surveys or the questionnaires are anonymous also increases the effectiveness of the process because it acts as a platform for the employees to freely share their feelings, without having a fear of offending the management or a senior. Thirdly, the senior level executives of the institute group also conducted a meeting where all the departmental heads were called upon to participate. The main motive behind the meeting was to have a discussion on the training needs of the employees. In the meeting, all the departmental heads were asked to share information about their respective departments and recommend specific training programs if they felt that the workforce working under them lacked certain skills and competencies. The meeting was conducted after analysing the results of the new performance management system and of the employee survey feedbacks, so that the results could be compared with what the departmental heads had to say about their departments. The viewpoints and the information shared by the departmental heads proved to be important in validating the information that was obtained in the previous steps. Using the above techniques, it was identified that the management needs to design and implement training programs that will help the employees in increasing their knowledge about information systems, ERP business suites and other basic softwares, such as MS Word, MS Excel, MS PowerPoint, that will help them in carrying out their job duties more effectively. Design implementation ABC Groups of Institutes, after having analysed the training needs of the employees and of the workplace, has signed a contract with XYZ Software Solutions Pvt. Ltd., which is a company that develops Enterprise Resource Planning softwares. XYZ Software Solutions Pvt. Ltd. is a market leader in software development and has been developing ERP business suites for a number of multinational companies. ABC Groups of Institutes has entered into a contract with XYZ Software Solutions Pvt. Ltd. under which XYZ will: Develop an Enterprise Resource Planning software to cater to the need of the institutes. The software will perform multiple functions, such as human resource management, record keeping, financial management, etc. Provide the required infrastructure to the company that will be required to operate the ERP business suites Provide training and development to the employees so that they can use the new ERP software to carry out the business activities and operations of the institute Provide training and development to the employees that will help in increasing their knowledge and skills related with information systems and softwares like MS Word, MS Excel and MS PowerPoint. The company has agreed to pay a sum of $300,000 to the company for the entire program. It will be the responsibility of XYZ Software Solutions Pvt. Ltd. to arrange all the material that will be required to train and develop the employees so that they can meet the skill gaps that have been identified the management. The program will be last for 2 months and the company will also pay regular visits to the institutes afterwards so that it can solve employee doubts if there are any. A complete design of the training program is given below: The training program designed for the employees of ABC Groups of Institutes will be an on-the-job training program which will be conducted by professional trainers that will come from XYZ Softwares Solutions Pvt. Ltd[6]. The software developing company will send an expert developer to each of the institutes where a workshop of one hour will be conducted every day. The training session will take place after the working hours and for attending the training sessions, the employees will be offered a compensation of $200/month and will be considered as an overtime benefit for the workforce. The training session will involve practical classes as well as theoretical classes but will commence only once the company would have acquired the software and the infrastructure to run it. The employees will be given practical problems to solve and will also have to work as teams to solve certain team oriented problems. By forming teams during the training program and providing the employees with team based tasks will also help the organisation in fostering a team oriented environment in the workplace. On every weekend, there will be an extra class where a test will be conducted to analyse the progress that the employees have made in the entire week and also to check the effectiveness of the training methods and modules. To maximise the effectiveness of training modules and to foster a positive attitude amongst the employees, the management has decided that it will offer rewards and recognition to those employees who will be star performers in the tests that will be taken at the end of the training program. Thecompany understands that a training program is not enough in educating the employees and they can maximise their learning only when they deal with real life problems. While dealing with practical problems, the employees might experience certain issues. To help them in maximising their learning and overcoming such issues, the management of the institute has decided that the professional trainers from XYZ Software Solutions Pvt. Ltd. will visit the workplace once in every 15 days so that the employees can get their doubts cleared. The professionals will also offer on call assistance to the employees and will also include a help section in the software itself so that the employees can find answers to some of their basic software related queries. Validation Evaluation Training and development programs can prove to be very costly and time consuming from a business point of view. Business organisations invest millions of dollars in training and developing their employees and also have to deal with the loss in productivity that can sometimes result because of absence of employees due to the training programs. There are a lot of resources at stake when a company implements a training and development program and it is important for the companies to evaluate the training programs so that they can calculate the return that they are getting on the investment that they have made. The evaluation plan that ABC Group of Institutes is most likely going to use for evaluating its training and development program is discussed below: Kirkpatrick's four-level training evaluation model To analyse the effectiveness of the training program, the management of the institute has decided to use the training evaluation model proposed by Kirkpatrick. Donald Kirkpatrick was a Professor at the University of Wisconsin who proposed a four-level training evaluation model in 1959. The four levels in the model are reaction, learning, behaviour and results. In the first level, the management will aim at evaluating the training program by measuring the reaction that the employees show towards the training program. It is important for the employees to feel positive about the training program and consider it as a valuable experience. The employees should also feel good about the teachers, the topic or the skills being taught, etc., which can be easily judged from their reactions. By assessing the reactions of the employees, the management will be able to understand how well the training was received by them and making improvements in the training program for the future trainees[7]. In the next level i.e. learning, the management will evaluate the effectiveness of the training program on the basis of what they have learned in the program. In this level of evaluation, the basic aim of the management will be to evaluate the training program by analysing the increase in knowledge or skills that the employees have been able to achieve as a result of the training program. To measure the increase in employee knowledge and skills, the management will compare the skills achieved with the training objectives that were formulated prior to the commencement of the training program. Analysing the skills that the employees have been able to learn will allow the company to design better and more effective training programs in the future[8]. In the third level of training and development assessment, the management will aim at analysing the extent to which the employees will be able to bring about a change in their behaviour as a result of the training that they would have received. Assessing the change in employee behaviour is one of the most important techniques of training evaluation as it allows the company to know whether the employees have been able to transfer what they have learnt in the training program to their jobs or not. It is not always necessary that the failure of the employees to demonstrate a change in their behaviour is because they have not learned anything during the training program. Sometimes, it is also possible that the conditions in the workplace are not favourable for the employees to transfer their learnings to the workplace. In such situations, analysing the behaviour of the employees will also help in identifying those workplace conditions that are hindering the ability of the employees to tr ansfer their training to their jobs[9] In the last level of evaluating the training program, the company will try to determine the tangible results of the program, such as reduced costs, improved quality, efficiency, increase productivity, greater employee retention, increased sales, employee motivation, higher employee morale etc. Though it might not be easy for the company to associate the right benchmarks with the training program but analysing the results will prove to be one of the best ways to determine the return on investment of the training expenditures that the company will incur[10]. Along with the Kirkpatricks four level training evaluation method, the management at ABC Group of Institutes will also use its performance management system to analyse the effectiveness of the training program. As the company already has a performance management system in place, it will become easier for the company to evaluate the training program by comparing the performance levels shown by the employees before and after the training program[11]. Results To measure the effectiveness of the training program accurately, it is important for business organisations to formulate the right training objectives, which are related with the skills or competencies that will be taught in the training program. To measure the results of the training program, the performance indicators decided by the management of the ABC Group of Institute are listed below: Quality of information stores Ease with information can be accesses Accuracy of stored information Time required to store, access and analyse information Errors in record keeping Employee morale Employee efficiency in using information systems and business management softwares Employee engagement Team work By measuring the changes in the above key performance indicators, it would become easier for the management to evaluate the effectiveness of the training program. Action plan if training targets are not met Training and development programs, irrespective of how well planned or expensive they are, can sometimes fail to achieve the desired objectives and can result into wastage of resources and time of the workforce. In extreme cases, business organisations might have to deal with loss in productivity that is caused because of absence of workforce when they are away for training[12]. Failure of training programs will not just waste resources and time but can also throw a company out of market competition/ Therefore, it is important for business organisations to have contingency plans that can help them in dealing with difficult situations that might arise due to the failure of training programs in achieving the desired objectives. ABC Groups of Institute understands the important of evaluating its training programs and being ready with contingency plans in case its discovered that the training programs have failed in meeting the training objectives. The management of the institute has already prepared a contingency plan under which, the company designing and providing the ERP business suite for the institute group will have to ensure proper operation of the infrastructure and of the software for a period of two years after the completion of the training program. The software company will also assist the management of the institute in deciding the performance indicators so that they can assess the right training results and if the trainees fail to meet the training objectives formulated by both the companies, the company will offer a new training program to the employees at no additional cost. The new training program will then be an off the job training program where the workforce will be trained on Sundays. The training sessions will last for 5 hours a day and the employees will be trained using various methods, such as case studies, role play, in-basket methods, lectures and simulation exercises[13]. Conclusion ABC Groups of Institutes is one of the top educational companies in the country and have been preforming exceptionally well. The changing technology and market trends are making the institute lose some of its competencies to the rival firms, which is creating an urgency for the company to implement training and development programs that will help its employees in gaining knowledge about information systems and software so that they can perform better. The training program designed by the company is highly effective. The company has prepared effective strategies that will not only help it in analysing the effectiveness of the training program but will also help the company in dealing with a situation if the training program fails to meet the training objectives formulated by the management. Thus, the company should implement its training and development program as soon as possible so that the employees can learn the skills that they lack and can perform their job duties and responsibilities more effectively References Hendry, C., 2012. Human Resource Management. s.l.:Routledge. Jehanzeb, K. Bashir, D. N. A., 2013. Training and Development Program and its Benefits to Employee and Organization: A Conceptual Study. European Journal of Business and Management, 5(2). hr-survey.com, n.d. Training Needs Assessment Survey. [Online] Available at: https://www.hr-survey.com/TrainingNeeds.htm [Accessed 14 May 2017]. Barbazette, J., 2006. Training Needs Assessment: Methods, Tools, and Techniques. s.l.:John Wiley Sons. Kumar, A., 2016. Methods for Conducting Training Need Analysis Part 5. [Online] Available at: https://blog.commlabindia.com/elearning-design/training-need-analysis-part5 [Accessed 13 May 2017]. Agarwal, N., Pande, N. Ahuja, V., 2014. Expanding the Kirkpatrick Evaluation Model-Towards more Efficient Training in the IT Sector. International Journal of Human Capital and Information Technology Professionals, 5(4). The MT Team, n.d. Kirkpatrick's Four-Level Training Evaluation Model. [Online] Available at: https://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/kirkpatrick.htm [Accessed 14 May 2017]. Kirkpatrick, D. L., Kirkpatrick, J. D. Kirkpatrick, W. K., n.d. Four Levels of Evaluation. [Online] Available at: https://www.trainingindustry.com/wiki/entries/four-levels-of-evaluation.aspx [Accessed 14 May 2017]. Saez, A., n.d. Training and Performance Evaluation. [Online] Available at: https://smallbusiness.chron.com/training-performance-evaluation-50046.html [Accessed 14 May 2017]. Explorance, 2013. 5 Steps to Creating Effective Training Programs. [Online] Available at: https://explorance.com/2013/11/5-steps-to-creating-effective-training-programs/ [Accessed 14 May 2017]. Phillips, J. J. Phillips, P. P., 2016. Handbook of Training Evaluation and Measurement Methods. s.l.:Routledge.

Property Law for Lease - Mortgage and Application - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theProperty Law for Lease, Mortgage and Application. Answer: Property Co-ownership is a form of ownership where two or more persons share the ownership of any property. Co-ownership is a way that enables the Australian young people, in particular, to purchase houses that are available at high prices and is unaffordable for most of the people. As it is, a known fact that every person dreams of owning their own home which becomes unattainable to realize owing to the incline in the prices of the house, in particular for those who are single. While couples tend to pool their resources and incomes to be able to afford a home, it becomes very difficult for those who are singles as they rely on single source of income and one savings account[1]. This inconvenience makes them resort to co-ownership for purchasing property either with a friend or family member. Where two or more persons take an estate or interest in land on lease, mortgage, application, transfer such persons are required to hold the land or property as joint tenants or tenants in commo n. This clearly signifies that co-ownership is an increasing trend in Australia, especially for young peoples and those who are single. This essay discusses about the advantages and the necessity of co-ownership in Australia. When two or more persons take a property on tenancy, they do it as either joint tenants or tenants in common. The reasons behind the Australians opting for co-ownership are two-fold. Firstly, co-ownership provides the Australians, with the affordability to purchase houses that are otherwise, unaffordable for them[2]. Further, for people who are purchasing houses for the first time, it becomes more difficult for they have to put a deposit together. The purchasers who are young and those who are single and rely upon the single income and savings source, finds it more difficult compared to those who purchase such homes by way of co-ownership. People purchasing homes in co-ownership have the option to split the deposit as both the co-owners pool together their respective savings that improves the position of the co-owners with respect to the deposit of the homes. Secondly, there is a trend of late marriage in Australia, which implies majority of the Australians usually do not purchase a property or home of their own. Therefore, single persons may consider their friends and siblings to assist them to achieve an investment property. Another reason that leads to an incline in the co-ownership is an increase in the borrowing capacity that is, the persons sharing the ownership gets to split the deposit money which otherwise would have been paid by the single person purchasing or renting a house[3]. The advantage of pooling together the deposit of the house is that it enables the co-owners to join their savings and pay a higher deposit, which enables them to avoid the expensive mortgage insurance. As mentioned above that, in order to purchase a property or an interest in land by co-ownership, the co-owners are said to hold such interest in land or the property as tenants either in common or as joint tenants[4]. Tenants in common are a form of tenancy where each person has a share of the property and they own the property purchase or taken on lease together. For instance A, B and C purchase a property for $90,000. A makes a contribution of $20000, B makes a contribution of $30000 and C makes a contribution of $ 40000. Here, the purchase of the property has been made by way of co-ownership and A, B and C are the co-owners of the property. The transfer shall be followed as A shall be entitled to 2/9 share; B shall be entitled to 3/9 share and C shall be entitled to 4/9 share being the tenants in common[5]. Each of the tenants has a right to deal with their part of the property, which is separate from the others, in their respective ways. This implies that each of these tenants is entitled to mortgage or sell their part of the property. In case, one of the tenant dies, his part or share of the property passes in accordance with the instructions made by such deceased person in his will, which implies that the tenant has specified the organization or person that shall be entitled to the share of the deceased person with respect to the property. Joint tenancy, on the other hand, is a form of tenancy where the tenants of the property are entitled to equal shares of the property irrespective of the fact the number of persons hold the property as tenants[6]. On the death of one of the joint tenants, the share passes to the other joint tenants in equal share in case there is more than on tenant, irrespective of the fact whether the deceased person actually intended to transfer the share to the other tenant, as may be set out in his will. According to section 126 (1) of the Property Law Act 1969 (WA) was applied in Pateman Anor v Daw Koh Anor [2007][7], which stated that there is no right of survivorship in tenancy in common unlike in joint tenancy[8]. In Joint tenancy, then rights of survivorship exists which implies that the interests of the deceased joint tenant shall pass on to the surviving tenants. It is a fact that there are risks associated with co-ownerships, which might make it undesirable for several persons. Such risks include affordability for future homes may be affected because the co-owners are jointly responsible for the taking loans for the deposits of the house, it often become difficult to arrange for a future loan for another property. This is because; the affordability is assessed on the basis of the income of an individual. If one of the co-owners wishes to purchase a second property, the bank shall consider the first loan taken by the co-owner and he shall be solely responsible for the loan. There may be issues pertaining to the sale of the property, where one co-owner wants to sale off the property and the other owner does not, and the matter is driven to court, which is not only expensive but also stressful. Another issue that may arise in co-ownership is the responsibility regarding the mortgage. If all the co-owners sign the loan document, every borrower is accountable individually for each others debts. Under such circumstances, is any one of the co-owner fails to make his/her loan payment, the bank shall consider the other co-owners liable for the failure to make the loan payments[9]. There is issues related to joint tenancy as well which arises if there is a default in the categorizing of an interest in land as a joint tenant due to the existence of the four unites. Such default may result in change in status of the joint tenants as tenants in common. Nevertheless, considering the big picture, majority of the Australians merely dream of having their own house but are incapable of realizing their dream, given the high prices of the houses or properties. With the help of co-ownership, they get a chance to realize this dream of owning a house or property[10]. As discussed above, co-ownership involves two or more persons owning a property, which reduces the load of a single purchaser to pay the deposit amount. The purchasers may co-own the property either as joint tenants or as tenants in common. It enhances the borrowing capacity for the borrowers, which involves splitting of the deposit. It is an advantage for young persons, singles and those who have low earning incomes. These individuals get the opportunity to afford properties that they could not have been able to purchase property. From the above discussion, it can be inferred that it is equally beneficial for those who have high-income capacity as they become entitled to have great tax benefits on a property and enables them to reduce the taxable income or become entitled to receive a greater tax refund per annum[11]. The tenants in common do not possess the right of survivorship but a tenant in common is entitled to hold an undivided share in the property owned by them and is entitled to possession. Unlike joint tenancy, the tenants in common do not require to have unity of interest, hence they are entitled to hold unequal shares. Each of the joint tenants has an equal right to possession of each of the part that is held by the purchasers and to the whole of the purchased property but such the tenant shall not be entitled to any right to any part of the property. It is sufficient that co-ownership exists in the form of tenancy in common in the country as it enables individuals to purchase property or an interest in land without having to pay for deposit alone and are entitled to own the property to the extent of the capital deposited by them. It also entitles them to sell off or mortgage their part of the property, that is separate form te remaining tenants. Reference list Altmann, Erika. "Apartments, co-ownership and sustainability: Implementation barriers for retrofitting the built environment."Journal of environmental policy planning16.4 (2014): 437-457. Blandy, Sarah.14th Australasian Property Law Teachers Conference 2017 Beyond Sole Ownership Curtin Law School, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia 2629 September 2017 Draft Conference Programme. Diss. Faculty of Law, University of Southampton, 2017. Briggs, Kristie. "Co-owner relationships conducive to high quality joint patents."Research Policy44.8 (2015): 1566-1573. Duncan, William D., et al. "Property law review issues paper 4Mortgages, Co-ownership, Encroachment and Mistake." (2016). Hulse, Kath, and Terry Burke. "Private rental housing in Australia: Political inertia and market change."Housing in 21st-century Australia: People, practices and policies(2016): 139-152. Kraatz, Judy A., et al. "Rethinking social housing: efficient, effective and equitable."Sustainable Built Environment National Research Centre Research Report75 (2015). Palmer, Jane, et al. "Green tenants: practicing a sustainability ethics for the rental housing sector."Local Environment20.8 (2015): 923-939. Pateman Anor v Daw Koh Anor [2007] WASCA 85 Property Law Act 1969 (WA) section 126 (1) Rigsby, Bruce. "A survey of property theory and tenure types." Sydney University Press, 2014. Roberts, Mike B., Anna Bruce, and Iain MacGill. "PV in Australian Apartment BuildingsOpportunities and Barriers."Asia Pacific Solar Research Conference. 2015. Robertson, Courtney. "Casenote: State of Western Australia v Alexander Brown and Ors [2014] HCA 8."Indigenous Law Bulletin8.12 (2014): 24.